If chemotherapy — a powerful drug used to kill cancer cells — has been prescribed as part of your treatment, you may wonder what to expect. Chemotherapy destroys cancer cells and prevents tumor growth. But unfortunately, it can also damage healthy cells, which can cause side effects. You may know someone who’s experienced chemo and had side effects, or have seen references to how it affects people. Remember that everyone’s response to chemotherapy is different — some people seem unaffected, while others may find it challenging. While everyone may react differently, learning about what others have experienced and what helped can be beneficial and reassuring. Continue reading for tips others found helpful. Chemotherapy Care Tips 1. Organize a Support Network Gather family and friends who can help out — providing emotional or practical support — during your treatment. Having a network of people who can take care of things, whether driving you to and from your chemo appointments or doing the laundry, will give you peace of mind. 2. Ask Questions Being fearful and anxious about chemo is not unusual, so don’t hesitate to ask your care team questions. They will do their best to answer all your questions and put you at ease. 3. Wear Comfortable Clothing Comfortable, loose-fitting clothing is the best option, especially if you have a port, a small device implanted under your skin, allowing direct access to your veins. 4. Take Things To Keep You Comfortable and Occupied Having things you enjoy and keep you busy can help pass the time and take your mind off things during your treatment. For example, bring a book, an e-reader, or magazines if you like to read. Coloring books or crossword puzzles can help pass the time as well. Patients also recommend bringing lip balm and skin moisturizer to combat the dry air sometimes found in treatment centers. Warm fuzzy socks can keep your feet warm, especially if you want to take off your shoes during treatment. Some treatment centers will also let you bring lunch , snacks, or drinks. 5. Hydrate Before and After Another recommendation from medical teams and patients is to ensure that you’re adequately hydrated the day before and after a chemo treatment. It’s recommended that you drink water or non-alcoholic and non-caffeinated beverages. Drinking adequate water before treatment prepares your body for dehydration, one of the effects of chemotherapy. Consuming lots of fluids the day after helps flush the chemo out of your system. 6. Share All Medications You Take With Your Oncologist Some medications, including over-the-counter supplements, vitamins and herbal medications, can interact with chemotherapy drugs. By making your oncologist aware of what you’re taking, they can make any adjustment to your chemo dosage if necessary. 7. Get Rest One of chemotherapy's most common side effects is fatigue. So, even though you may want to push through, get plenty of rest. This side effect is usually cumulative and takes longer to recover as your treatments go on. It may take time to regain your regular energy levels, so be patient and don’t push yourself too hard, even if you feel good. 8. Eat When Possible Another frequent effect of chemo for many is appetite loss and nausea, so eat when you can to keep up your strength. Many patients going through chemo report that food may taste different and may have a metallic aftertaste during and after chemo. Most cancer centers have a nutritionist who can help ensure you get enough nutrition. Ask your treatment team if this may be an option. 9. Seek Help for Nausea and Vomiting It’s not uncommon for patients receiving chemo to experience nausea during and after chemotherapy. Obtain a nausea medication prescription, get it filled before you start chemotherapy, and ask your treatment team if you should take it before treatments, so you’re prepared before nausea occurs. Also, if you feel sick, let the chemotherapy nurses know immediately. There are various nausea-prevention medications, so if yours isn’t working, ask your doctor if you can try a different one. It may take some time to find the one that suits you best. Some people have found nausea relief from getting fresh air, mints or gum, ginger chews, or popsicles. 10. Prepare for Hair Loss Although it doesn’t happen to everyone, most cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy are subject to hair loss. Some people lose hair gradually, while others lose it quickly in large clumps. Hair loss depends on the specific type and dosage of chemo you receive. Your doctor and healthcare team can give you an idea of what to expect before you begin treatment. If you do expect to lose your hair, grabbing hats and beanies is a good idea to keep your head warm. 11. Try To Stay Positive Fear of the unknown can send your mind spiraling out of control. We know it’s easier said than done, but seeking out the positives in your life can go a long way to keep your spirits high. Everyone’s Experience Is Different Your chemotherapy experience won’t be exactly the same as others. Some people undergoing chemo will go about their daily routine as usual, while others find themselves in bed. But hopefully, the suggestions and workarounds patients and providers have shared will help you handle the effects of chemo better. Count On Us for Information, Resources, and Support Surviving Breast Cancer is by your side every day, every month, and every year. Whether you’re newly diagnosed with breast cancer , are navigating survivorship, or are the loved one of someone experiencing breast cancer, you can count on Surviving Breast Cancer to keep you informed. We provide educational information to help you better understand symptoms, testing, treatment options , surgery, etc., and podcasts that feature professionals, advocates, and caregivers who share valuable information. Our global online community not only offers opportunities to connect with others for safe, judgment-free, peer-to-peer support but also ensures that you’re never alone. We also offer healing workshops and mindful movement classes . Contact us today to learn more about or benefit from our services.

By Rod Ritchie Why a man might worry about breast reconstruction after a mastectomy is a fair question. For women, on the other hand, breasts are more often an essential part of their identity, help stimulate sexual desire, and serve a practical role in feeding their baby. When I was diagnosed, my main thought was having cancer that I didn’t think men got, while coming to terms with the fact that I even had breasts. When I asked my surgeon later why I wasn’t offered reconstruction after my breast surgery, she seemed surprised. While it is possible to rebuild a facsimile of a guy’s breast, she explained, the lack of extra material makes it harder and actually inhibits the surgeon who really has to work hard to remove the affected tissue, since cancer often travels further in male breasts. Impact of Advanced Breast Cancer Treatment Being happy to have my cancer removed meant I put aside the thought of post-treatment aesthetics. I was treated through winter, and baring my chest was the last thing on my mind. When I emerged in spring, bald from chemotherapy, scarred from breast surgery , and burnt from radiation , I felt anything but normal. For some reason, I thought that my mastectomy scar would lay flat against my chest. I yearned for normality in my body and was disappointed when I finally healed elsewhere, but I was left with a scar and a concave depression where my left breast used to be. With summer approaching, I was wondering what sort of looks I might get at the pool or on the beach. Reconstruction I never pursued reconstruction, but, six years post-treatment, I often think that it’s something I should have considered. I know lots of guys with breast cancer, but not so many who’ve had breast reconstruction. I’ve learned from the excellent Breast Advocate app , (which provides impartial, evidence-based information and recommendations to suit individuals, regardless of gender) that men have several options available to them. The Male Breast Cancer Coalition survey of men found that half of the guys were offered reconstruction, yet only 7% of them chose it. Of those who did, 73% were happy with the result, while 87% indicated they were not interested in considering the procedure in the future. (1) However, reproducing a facsimile of your removed breast or breasts is possible. Realistic results will depend on the skill of the surgeon, and the task is often performed by an onco-plastic surgeon. Breastcancer.org provides a great list of questions to ask beforehand including: (2) How many men have you reconstructed? What type of reconstruction is best for me? What will my breast look like following reconstruction? How will my reconstructed feel to touch? How will aging affect my reconstructed breast? Embrace your decision Only you need to be happy with the decision you make, and it’s obviously a personal one based on so many factors. While I chose to stay flat, and although I’m quite happy to bare my chest in public these days, I was amused when my young grandkids asked what happened to my chest. I said, “I was in a sword fight.” “Cool,” they replied. What has been your experience with reconstruction? Learn More: 10 Myths & Facts About Male Breast Cancer Resources for Male Breast Cancer Patients Genderless Breast Cancer Research The Stigma Surrounding Male Breast Cancer References: Cure. Reconstruction Is an Option for Male Breast Cancer. Available at: https://www.curetoday.com/view/reconstruction-is-an-option-for-male-breast-cancer . Accessed on Jan 05 21. BreastCancer.org. Questions to Ask Your Surgeon About Breast Reconstruction. Available at: https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/surgery/reconstruction/questions-to-ask . Accessed on Jan 05 21. Author bio: Rod Ritchie is a Sydney-born writer, internet publisher, and breast cancer patient activist, living with breast and prostate cancers. Currently, he’s NED for both. He’s President, Board of Directors, Male Breast Cancer Global Alliance, has a website at MaleBC.org and you can follow him on Twitter @malefitness . His articles for Health Union can be found here . SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Kristen Carter When Dawn Oswald was diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer in 2008, her first impulse was to get on with treatment as quickly as possible so she could keep working as an occupational therapy assistant. “ Most of my life, I put people first. It’s my caring nature,” she said. After chemo and a month of radiation, she was back on the job. She took medication for ten years to prevent the cancer from recurring, and so she could keep working. “I just needed to go back to work to help my patients get better,” she explained. Meanwhile, she raised four children. It was only ten years later, when Dawn was diagnosed with Stage 4 breast cancer , that she “took another look at life” and put herself first. Over the past five years, she has treated herself and her husband to multiple trips, including three times to Hawaii and multiple cruises. She even bought a house on a beach, where she can sit on the front porch and see the water and watch the boats go by, which brings her peace. She rests when she needs to and lives one day at a time. Women Tend to be the World’s Helpers Dawn is not alone in her focus on helping others. Women are, on average, more focused on “other-concern,” according to studies reported by LibreTexts™ , and “are more likely than men to help in situations that involve long-term nurturance and caring, particularly within close relationships” such as families and friendships. Women are also more likely than men to engage in occupations and community behaviors such as volunteering or helping families. In most, if not all, countries, women are socialized to take care of others. In addition to work, most women manage their children and family obligations. An increasing number of women also care for their aging parents. Around the world, women do an average of three times as much unpaid care work as men, according to international consulting group McKinsey & Company . In the U.S., even among women who earn the majority of their household’s income, 43 percent of women who are primary household income earners continue to do all or most of the household work , compared with only 12 percent of men. In some countries, like India, women do almost ten times as much unpaid care work as men. The challenge for women is even greater thanks to the economic fallout from COVID-19; in the U.S., for example, the amount of time women spend on household responsibilities increased by 1.5 to 2 hours per day, according to a study by men-care.org . Changing the Paradigm Some of the solutions to these problems rest at the national, state, community, and company levels. But there are steps you can take to reclaim time spent helping others that you can use to nurture yourself Research shows that taking time for yourself is good not just for you but also for your family and your workplace. If you’re burnt out or have lost interest in your career or family, it’s not good for anyone. Ideas for Self-Care Here are a dozen ways you might prioritize yourself and your health: Write yourself a forgiveness letter, absolving yourself of any guilt you feel over not prioritizing yourself more in the past. Start with a clean, positive slate. Begin to make yourself the priority, even if it’s only for a small amount of time every day. Stop beating yourself up . Silence that critical inner voice that says you have to be perfect. Think of yourself as the type of person who is kind and gentle with herself. Do something, even something tiny, that will make you feel good each day. Make time to rest. Even a few minutes of deep breathing will help. Get a good night’s sleep . Experts recommend avoiding screens before bed, keeping your room as dark as possible, and going to sleep and waking up at the same time each day. Start meditating . Just five minutes can make a massive difference. If five is too many, start with one minute where you breathe slowly and calm your mind. If thoughts pop up, imagine putting them in balloons and letting them float away. Exercise . Go for a walk. Stretch. Join a friend or family member for a walk-and-talk. If you have kids, join them for something fun and physical. Begin planning a future vacation. Half the fun is in the planning. Ask a family member or colleague who also struggles with self-care to be your accountability buddy and keep each other accountable for finding “me time.” Keep a self-care journal – simply jot down what you did to care for yourself and how it made you feel. If you keep one, add it to your habit tracker. Or simply stick it on a post-it note where you’ll see it daily. Learn to say no. A no to requests for help from others is the same as saying YES to yourself. You could try something like, “I’d like to help you, but right now I need to take care of myself.” Chances are, the other person will not only accept your explanation but respect you for it. Start small. Pick one thing from the list and try it for a few days. See what happens. Build on what works and learn from what doesn’t. Research shows that making tiny changes you can stick with is more successful than attempting lofty goals. Last Words Ignoring your own needs shows others that it’s okay with you. Choose instead to show your family and colleagues that you value yourself and your health enough to set limits on what you’ll give away and what you protect for your precious self. “It wasn’t until I was diagnosed with Stage 4 that I realized I needed to take care of me ,” Dawn said. “I even continued working for 15 months before I officially retired. Yes, it was hard at first, but I’m good now and enjoying my life.” Learn more: Dealing with the Stress of Having Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) I Live a Little More This is My Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) Story Self-Love Comes First Author bio: Kristen Carter is a certified coach with a background in communications. She was diagnosed with stage zero breast cancer in 2008 and metastatic breast cancer in 2018. Writing for SBC — sharing tools that help her and others cope and thrive — is a creative outlet for her and one that gives her a sense of meaning and purpose. She can be reached at kristen@survivingbreastcancer.org . SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

What is the gold standard for breast cancer treatment? How do the breast cancer treatments approved by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guide physicians and their patients? What are the differences between urban and rural communities when it comes to breast cancer standard of care? It's important to note that the guidelines below are intended to be used as a reference and should be tailored to each individual's needs and risk factors. Healthcare providers should discuss screening and prevention options with their patients to make informed decisions together. In this blog, we are going to address some of these burning questions. What are the NCCN Guidelines? The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines are evidence-based treatment recommendations for breast cancer that provide the most up-to-date information and best practices for the diagnosis and management of cancer, including breast cancer. The NCCN offers breast cancer guidelines in three forms: Breast cancer screening and risk assessment, Breast cancer treatment, and Breast cancer survivorship care. Breast Cancer Screening and Risk Assessment The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) provides guidelines for breast cancer screenings and risk assessment. These guidelines are based on the latest research and are intended to assist healthcare providers in making decisions about the best approach to breast cancer screening and prevention. Here are some key points from the NCCN guidelines: Breast cancer screening should begin at age 40 for women of average risk. Women with a family history of breast cancer or other risk factors may need to begin screening earlier or have more frequent screening. Mammography is the preferred method of breast cancer screening for women of average risk. However there are additional screening modalities such as Tomosynthesis, or 3D mammograms, Contrast-Enhanced Mammograms, Ultrasound, and MRI. Breast MRI may be used in addition to mammography for women with a high risk of breast cancer. Breast cancer risk assessment should be performed for all women to determine their risk level. Risk factors that increase a woman's risk of breast cancer include age, family history of breast cancer, personal history of breast cancer, certain genetic mutations, and other factors. Women at high risk of breast cancer may benefit from risk reduction strategies, such as chemoprevention or prophylactic surgery. Breast Cancer Treatment Guidelines The "standard of care" for a breast cancer diagnosis varies depending on the severity and stage of the disease, as well as the patient's unique situation. Examples of breast cancer patients' unique situations can include their age, health history, activity level, genetic predisposition to breast cancer, and the type of breast cancer they have. What are breast cancer treatment options? The NCCN breast cancer treatment guidelines provide the latest information on breast cancer treatments for early and advanced stages of breast cancer. Early-stage breast cancer typically includes localized breast cancers, such as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast cancer of any size with no evidence of spread to lymph nodes. Treatment options may include breast-conserving surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or hormone therapy. Advanced breast cancer typically includes breast cancers that have spread to other parts of the body or are resistant to standard treatments. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, targeted therapies (such as monoclonal antibodies), immunotherapy, and endocrine therapy. It's important to note that the best breast cancer treatment will depend on the individual patient and their specific diagnosis. The NCCN breast cancer treatment guidelines provide information about breast cancer types and recommended treatments for each type. However, it is important for patients to discuss all available treatment options with their health care provider to make an informed decision together. NCCN Guidance for Specific Breast Cancer Subtypes The type of breast cancer should be taken into account when choosing treatments. There are different types of breast cancer, including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), among others. Each type of breast cancer may have different characteristics and respond differently to treatment. Therefore, the choice of treatment should be based on the specific type of breast cancer a person has. For example, hormonal therapy is typically recommended for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, as these cancers grow in response to estrogen or progesterone. Chemotherapy may be recommended for women with aggressive or high-risk breast cancers, such as triple-negative breast cancer. Women with HER2-positive breast cancer may be treated with targeted therapies, such as Herceptin. What is the Standard Treatment for Stage 1 Breast Cancer? Here are some key points from the NCCN guidelines for the standard treatment of stage 1 breast cancer: Surgery: The standard treatment for stage 1 breast cancer is surgical removal of the tumor. The type of surgery recommended may depend on the size and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's preference and other factors. Options include breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy) or mastectomy. Radiation Therapy: Following breast-conserving surgery, radiation therapy is typically recommended to reduce the risk of the cancer returning. Radiation therapy may not be necessary after mastectomy unless there are certain high-risk features of the tumor. Hormonal Therapy: If the tumor is hormone receptor-positive, hormonal therapy may be recommended to reduce the risk of the cancer returning. Hormonal therapy may be given for several years and can include drugs such as tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy may be recommended for some women with stage 1 breast cancer, particularly if the tumor is larger or there are other high-risk features. The decision to recommend chemotherapy should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider and may depend on factors such as age, overall health, and other individual factors. What is the Standard of Care for Triple - Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)? Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer that is negative for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Due to its aggressive nature and lack of targeted therapies, the standard of care for TNBC differs from other types of breast cancer. Here are some key points about the standard of care for TNBC: Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: TNBC is often treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which is chemotherapy given before surgery. This approach can shrink the tumor and make it more likely to be surgically removed. Surgery: Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery is typically recommended to remove any remaining tumor. Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy is often recommended after surgery to reduce the risk of the cancer coming back. Clinical Trials: Due to the lack of targeted therapies for TNBC, participation in clinical trials is often recommended for patients with TNBC. Immunotherapy: Some patients with TNBC may be eligible for treatment with immunotherapy, which is a type of therapy that helps the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guidelines The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) provides guidelines for breast cancer survivorship care. These guidelines are intended to assist healthcare providers in managing the long-term health and well-being of breast cancer survivors. Here are some key points from the NCCN guidelines on breast cancer survivorship: Survivorship Care Plan: All breast cancer survivors should receive a survivorship care plan, which is a document summarizing the treatments received and outlining a plan for ongoing care and monitoring. Surveillance: Breast cancer survivors should receive regular surveillance for recurrence and new primary breast cancers. The frequency and type of surveillance may depend on the stage and characteristics of the original breast cancer. Late and Long-Term Effects: Breast cancer survivors may experience late and long-term effects of treatment, including lymphedema, cognitive dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Healthcare providers should screen for and manage these effects as needed. Healthy Lifestyle: Breast cancer survivors should be encouraged to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a healthy diet, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol use. Psychological Support: Breast cancer survivors may experience psychological distress related to their diagnosis and treatment. Healthcare providers should offer psychological support and referral to mental health professionals as needed. Complementary Therapies: Breast cancer survivors may use complementary therapies, such as acupuncture or massage, to manage symptoms or improve quality of life. Healthcare providers should be knowledgeable about these therapies and their potential risks and benefits. Cancer Recurrence and Cancer Progression The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) provides guidelines for the management of breast cancer recurrence. These guidelines are intended to assist healthcare providers in managing the care of patients who have experienced a recurrence of breast cancer. Here are some key points from the NCCN guidelines on breast cancer recurrence: Evaluation: Patients with suspected breast cancer recurrence should undergo a thorough evaluation, including physical examination, imaging studies, and biopsy or other tissue sampling as appropriate. Treatment Options: The choice of treatment for breast cancer recurrence may depend on the location and extent of the recurrence, as well as the patient's previous treatment history. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormonal therapy. Systemic Therapy: Patients with distant or metastatic breast cancer recurrence may benefit from systemic therapy, such as chemotherapy or targeted therapy. The choice of therapy should be based on the individual patient and their cancer characteristics. Supportive Care: Patients with breast cancer recurrence may experience physical and emotional symptoms related to their cancer and treatment. Healthcare providers should offer supportive care, including pain management, psychosocial support, and referral to palliative care services if appropriate. Relatedly, the standard of care for breast cancer progression depends on various factors, such as the type of breast cancer, the location and extent of the progression, and the patient's previous treatment history. In general, the goal of treatment for breast cancer progression is to slow or stop the growth of the cancer and improve the patient's quality of life. The treatment options for breast cancer progression may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormonal therapy, among others. The choice of treatment may depend on the individual patient and their cancer characteristics. For example, if the breast cancer has spread to other parts of the body (metastatic breast cancer), systemic therapy such as chemotherapy or targeted therapy may be used to control the cancer. If the progression is localized, surgery and/or radiation therapy may be used to remove or shrink the cancer. Conclusion The breast cancer standard of care is an important resource for healthcare professionals and patients alike when exploring breast cancer treatment options. Knowing what treatments are recommended based on current evidence can help both doctors and patients make informed and confident decisions about their care plans. It is also important to keep up to date with breast cancer screening and risk assessment guidelines in order to detect breast cancer early on. Additionally, understanding breast cancer treatment guidelines can help ensure that the best treatments are being utilized for each individual stage of breast cancer. Ultimately, knowledge of breast cancer standard of care and associated guidelines can help patients receive the best care possible.

By Rod Ritchie So very often, when it comes to getting timely treatment for a nagging symptom, or indeed other health matters, men can be their own worst enemies. And nowhere is ignorance more prevalent than with breast cancer. Breast Cancer isn’t Always on Men’s Radar Even men who are careful about their diet and exercise regularly can be unaware of their breast cancer risk. While heart disease and depression present obvious red flags that early medical attention can help overcome, breast cancer is not on most men’s radars. All the pink hoopla put out as fundraising efforts by the breast cancer charities has led men to believe they can’t get this disease. Knowledge is power, and since breast cancer is a genderless disease , know your risks and the symptoms. For the one percent of breast cancers that occur in men, outcomes tend to be less favorable than in women. Often, because it never occurs to men, or their doctors, cancer may be a possibility. According to Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D., by the time men seek help for their symptoms, their malignancies are usually more advanced and more lethal. (1) Signs of Male Breast Cancer Richard Bleicher, M.D., a surgeon at the Fox Chase Cancer Center, points out that 15% of the men diagnosed with breast cancer have a genetic mutation in their BRCA gene . Try to learn about your family medical history, and if breast, ovarian, or prostate cancers are known in close relatives, this can be an indication for you to be on the lookout and even talk to your doctor about your potential risk. (2) In any case, if you find a lump: Ascertain if it is new in the breast or in the armpit, and that it has been present for more than a few weeks. Don’t be complacent and don’t wait. Any new finding that persists for more than a few weeks should be brought to a doctor’s attention. If you do need to be evaluated, find a breast cancer specialist who is very familiar with the disease. What Does Treatment Look Like for Men? A sonogram or a mammogram followed by a biopsy will determine if you have breast cancer. Treatment involves one of, or a combination of, breast surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Hormone therapy, in the form of a daily tablet, is followed for at least five years. Fortunately, early-stage breast cancer has a high survival rate, so the incentive to be proactive with a diagnosis of this disease is certainly there. Breast cancer is just not something you think about in June for Men’s Health Month, so get yourself up to speed on your risks, the symptoms, and your family history. And if, when you are first diagnosed, you are unhappy with your evaluation, or find that you are not getting plain answers to your questions, or that you are being dismissed with little explanation, seek a second opinion . Finally, take a friend or relative to the appointment and take notes that you can refer to later. And remember, the only dumb question is the one you don’t ask. Learn More: Male Breast Reconstruction: Fixed or Flat? 10 Myths & Facts About Male Breast Cancer Resources for Male Breast Cancer Patients Genderless Breast Cancer Research The Stigma Surrounding Male Breast Cancer References: Sinatra, Stephen. Can Men Get Breast Cancer? Available at: https://heartmdinstitute.com/health-and-wellness/can-men-get-breast-cancer. Accessed on 6/23/22. Bleicher, Richard et al. Time to Surgery and Breast Cancer Survival in the United States. Available at: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2474438. Accessed on 6/23/22. Author bio: Rod Ritchie is a Sydney-born writer, internet publisher, and breast cancer patient activist, living with breast and prostate cancers. Currently, he’s NED for both. He’s President, Board of Directors, Male Breast Cancer Global Alliance, has a website at MaleBC.org and you can follow him on Twitter @malefitness . His articles for Health Union can be found here . SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

A primary concern for many breast cancer survivors is the fear of recurrence. Understandably, it can trigger memories of the anxiety, depression, and uncertainty caused by the initial diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, recurrence can happen soon after your initial treatment or many years later. Continue reading to learn about recurrence and various strategies to reduce the risk of recurrence. Types of Recurrence While doctors strive to eliminate all cancer cells during initial treatment, in some cases, cells evade detection and survive. The undetected cells then multiply and become recurrent breast cancer. There are a few different types of recurrence . Local recurrence occurs when cancer returns to the area where it originally appeared. Regional recurrence happens when the cancer is found in the lymph nodes near the armpit or collarbone. Metastatic recurrence refers to breast cancer that has spread outside the breast area and regional nodes to other parts of the body. Steps To Reduce the Risk of Recurrence Although nothing guarantees your cancer won’t return, in most cases, there are steps you can take to minimize your risk of recurrence. Stick With the Care Plan First and foremost, adhere to your healthcare team’s recommended follow-up care plan. The best way to find breast cancer recurrence early is by getting regular check-ups with your doctor, which may include mammograms and other recommended diagnostic tests. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can also play a crucial role in reducing the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Studies have shown that regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and following a balanced diet make breast cancer recurrence less likely. Make Exercise a Habit ​ Regular physical activity is beneficial in multiple ways. It can help reduce stress, improve your mood and sleep quality, and help you maintain a healthy weight. In addition, evidence suggests that people who engage in regular physical activity are less likely to experience a recurrence. You don’t have to join a gym or take up running; just try walking every day for half an hour at least three times per week. Eat Healthy Foods While maintaining a healthy diet doesn’t guarantee that your cancer won’t recur, there is scientific evidence that certain foods can boost your immune system and improve your overall health. For example, studies show that a Mediterranean diet — which emphasizes healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, beans, nuts, and seeds — can help protect against breast cancer risk and recurrence . Don’t Smoke Smoking is a known risk factor for breast cancer, and research shows that it also increases the risk of recurrence . If you’re a smoker, quitting can help reduce the risk of developing another primary breast tumor, improve the survival rate after treatment, and reduce complications from surgery or radiation therapy. The Emotional Impact of Recurrence The emotional impact of a breast cancer recurrence can be profound. Many survivors feel a sense of loss, grief, and anger. Some feel they’ve been dealt a cruel blow, as if their body has betrayed them. Support is crucial for survivors dealing with a breast cancer recurrence. Some people find great comfort in talking with others who have been through similar experiences . For example, SurvivingBreastCancer.org ’s global online community offers opportunities to connect with others for safe, judgment-free, peer-to-peer support — and ensures you’re never alone. You may also need professional help to address the psychological impact of recurrence and work through your emotions. Psychologists and other mental health professionals can help survivors manage the anxiety, grief, and depression that a recurrence can cause. They can also provide practical strategies to help you cope with stress. Count On Us for Information, Resources, and Support Whether you’re newly diagnosed with breast cancer , are navigating survivorship, or are the loved one of someone experiencing breast cancer, you can count on SurvivingBreastCancer.org to keep you informed. We provide educational information to help you better understand symptoms, testing, and treatment options . The Breast Cancer Conversations podcast features professionals, advocates, and caregivers who share valuable information. And our Thursday Night Thrivers meetups offer plenty of opportunities to connect with others who understand what you’re going through. SBC is here for you! Learn more: Breast Cancer Recurrence: Second Primary vs. Metastasis Exercise and Breast Cancer The Healing Power of Movement Four Years Post-Op SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

Through the years, there has been significant debate vis-à-vis how valuable breast self-examination is in detecting breast cancer early and increasing the likelihood of survival. The American Cancer Society stopped recommending breast self-exam as a screening tool for women with an average risk of breast cancer. Similarly, the Mayo Clinic acknowledges that "most medical organizations don't recommend routine breast self-exams as a part of breast cancer screening. That's because breast self-exams haven't been shown to be effective in detecting cancer or improving survival for women who have breast cancer." While breast self-exams are not a formal screening modality, there is great value in being familiar with the look and feel of your own breasts so you understand what is normal to you and are able to detect and promptly report changes. While we are proponents of breast self-exams and knowing your body, it is important to know that BSEs should never take the place of breast cancer screenings. Self-breast exams can help to detect early signs of breast cancer. Self-examination of the breasts is an important part of health care and should be done on a regular basis. Self-breast exams are also known as being self-breast aware, breast self-awareness, or BSE. During a self-breast examination, you will use your hands to feel for any changes in your breasts. It's important to do BSE regularly so that you get a sense of what your "normal" is as a baseline and then, over time, will be able to detect any changes. After all, you know your body best! Breast Cancer Statistics Cancer affects everyone differently, but some facts remain true no matter who is affected by it. According to recent estimates from The American Cancer Society, about 1 in 8 women (just over 12%) will develop invasive breast cancer over their lifetime, and about 265,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer are diagnosed each year among US women alone. Although anyone can develop cancer regardless of age, race, or ethnicity, according to statistics from 2019 based on data from 2003-2017, African American women have higher rates of being diagnosed with later-stage breast cancers when compared to Caucasian women. Additionally, those same statistics show that Hispanic/Latina women were more likely than non-Hispanic white women to be diagnosed before they turn 40 (regardless of age, gender identity, race, or ethnicity) and need to become better informed about their bodies to help catch signs and symptoms early on. Early Detection Early detection increases the chances of successful treatment and recovery from breast cancer. By taking proactive measures like self-breast examinations and getting regular mammograms after age 40 (or earlier, depending on risk factors), women can stay informed about their own health and be more aware of potential issues related to breast cancer before they become more serious or life-threatening conditions. Early-stage breast cancer is curable. Late-stage breast cancer or metastatic breast cancer still has no cure, though it is manageable with lifelong treatment. Similarly, while mammograms are the current standard of care for breast cancer screenings, it is important to know your breast density. Breast density plays an important role in the effectiveness of mammography screening; if you have dense breasts (and your mammographer should be able to tell you), you will want to ask for another type of screening, such as an ultrasound or MRI, to detect breast cancer. Know Your Breasts (Common Symptoms of Breast Cancer) & Other Parts of Your Body You should call your healthcare provider if you notice any: changes in the look, feel, or size of the breast, change in the look or feel of the nipple, dimpling or puckering of the skin, lump, hard knot, or thick spot in the breast tissue, nipple discharge, nipple or other area pulling inward, pain in one spot that won't go away, rash on the nipple, swelling of one or both breasts, warmth, redness, or dark spots on the skin. It is also possible that breast cancer may be present without any of the aforementioned signs or symptoms. That is why it is very important to get screened using the right modality, depending on your breast density, in order to know whether or not you have breast cancer. A Sampling of Methods Used to Perform a Breast Self-Examination Method 1 The first step to breast self-exam is to look at your breasts in the mirror. Look for any changes in size, shape, color, or texture of the skin on the breast or around the nipple area. Check for dimpling, swelling, redness, or any other changes that may be present. This method can also help you become more familiar with the shape and texture of each breast so that it is easier for you to notice any changes during breast self-exam. Method 2 The second method is known as palpation . To perform this breast self-exam technique, you will use your hands to feel for anything unusual in your breasts. With arms raised above your head, your goal is to get used to the feel of your breasts. This will help you to find anything new or different. If you do, contact your provider right away. When you know what's normal for you, you will be more aware of when changes occur. Many hospital clinics and healthcare provider offices focus on breast cancer awareness services, including breast cancer screening. You can help your healthcare team maintain your breast health by taking a few minutes once a month to conduct a breast self-exam. Start at the collarbone and, using a circular motion, slowly move your fingers over each breast until you reach the armpit area. Be sure to check both sides and go deep into the breast tissue all the way up to the collarbone while feeling for any lumps or bumps that may be present. You can begin at the nipple, moving in larger and larger circles until you reach the outer edge of the breast. You can also move your fingers up and down vertically, in rows, as if you were mowing a lawn. This up-and-down approach seems to work best for most women. Be sure to feel all the tissue from the front to the back of your breasts: for the skin and tissue just beneath, use light pressure; use medium pressure for tissue in the middle of your breasts; use firm pressure for the deep tissue in the back. When you've reached the deep tissue, you should be able to feel down to your ribcage. It is important to do breast self-exams also during your menstrual cycle so you get a sense of what is normal. Using your three middle fingers, be sure to check the entire breast area, and move in an up-and-down pattern; it only takes a few minutes! There is nothing to lose! Method 3 The third Breast Self Exam technique is called percussion . During this breast self-examination technique, lightly tap each part of your breast with your fingertips while looking in front of a mirror. This breast self-exam technique helps detect possible tumors that may not be felt through palpation alone. It is important to note if there are any areas on the breast where tapping produces a sound or sensation different from what was experienced elsewhere on your breasts during Breast Self Exam. Method 4 A fourth method for BSE is in the shower with the pads/flats of your 3 middle fingers, check the entire breast and armpit area by pressing down with light, medium, and firm pressure. Check both breasts each month, feeling for any lump, thickening, hardened knot, or any other breast changes. In Front of a mirror, visually inspect your breasts with your arms at your sides. Then, raise them overhead and look for any changes. Next, place your hands on your hips and press firmly to flex your chest muscles. Look for any dimpling or changes, particularly on the nipples. When lying down, the breast tissue spreads out evenly along the chest wall. Place a pillow under your right shoulder and put your right arm behind your head. Using your left hand, check the entire right breast area by pressing down with light, medium, and firm pressure. Squeeze & roll each nipple between the thumb and forefinger, checking for discharge (this would indicate infection). Repeat these steps for your left breast using the other hand. Remember, breast self-exams should be completed on a monthly basis as part of your overall health regimen. If you ever find an irregularity or lump during breast self-exams, it is important to visit a doctor or other healthcare professional for further evaluation. Breast self-exams are the best way to catch any abnormalities early and can potentially help save lives by providing early detection of breast cancer. Finding Breast Cancer Monthly breast self-exams are a check-up a woman does at home to look for changes or problems in the breast tissue. Many women feel that doing this is important to their health. However, experts do not agree about the benefits of breast self-exams in finding breast cancer or saving lives. Talk to your healthcare provider about whether breast self-exams are right for you. The best time to do a monthly breast self-exam is about 3 to 5 days after your period starts. Do it at the same time every month. Your breasts are least likely to be tender and swollen at this time. Check each breast and armpit carefully. Look for changes such as: Lump, hard knot, or thickening inside the breast or underarm area Swelling, warmth, redness, or darkening of the breast Change in size or shape of the breast Dimpling or puckering of the skin Itchy, scaly sore or rash on the nipple If you find any changes in your breasts that don't go away after your period, talk to your healthcare provider. Self-breast examinations are a great way to stay informed and proactive about your health! So make sure you perform a breast self-exam every month and keep yourself healthy! If ever you're worried about something you notice during a breast self-exam, be sure to consult a doctor as soon as possible. Are Self-Breast Exams Recommended? Yes, self-breast examinations are still recommended as an important screening and early detection tool for breast cancer. Self-exams can help you become familiar with the size, shape, texture, and temperature of your breasts so that any changes can be detected quickly and addressed appropriately. Regular self-breast examinations should be combined with other screening tools, such as mammograms, to ensure earlier detection if any irregularities or lumps are present. Are Self-Breast Exams Better Than Mammograms? Self-breast examinations are an important part of health care and can be used as a tool in the early detection of breast cancer, and confirmed through mammography and biopsy. Mammograms are a screening tool used for the early detection of breast cancer. Mammograms use X-ray images to help detect any lumps or abnormalities that may indicate cancerous tissue. This type of screening is recommended for all women over the age of 40, though if you are at high risk for breast cancer, you may start screenings earlier. It is important to note that self-breast examinations should also be completed regularly due to their ability to detect irregularities before they become larger issues. Self-breast examinations cannot replace mammography screenings; however, the information obtained from self-breast exams can provide supplemental data that could lead to earlier diagnosis if any irregularities or lumps are detected during the self-examination process. Conclusion Self-breast examinations are an important tool in health care and should be done regularly, regardless of age or risk factors associated with breast cancer. Self-breast examinations can help women become more familiar with their own bodies, allowing them to detect any irregularities that may be present earlier on. Self-breast examinations provide supplemental data that could lead to earlier diagnosis if any irregularities or lumps are detected during the self-examination process. If any irregularities or lumps are found during self-breast examinations, it is important to contact your doctor as soon as possible. Your doctor can then recommend the appropriate next steps to be taken in order to properly diagnose and treat the issue. Early detection is key when it comes to breast cancer, and self-breast exams can play an important role in finding issues quickly and addressing them appropriately. Self-breast examinations are an important part of health care that should not be overlooked.

Breast cancer is a complex and multifaceted disease that can significantly impact a patient’s physical, emotional, and social well-being. Although advancements in technology and treatments have improved patient outcomes, managing breast cancer requires a comprehensive approach that includes prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and recovery and survivorship. The Breast Cancer Care Continuum The Breast Cancer Care Continuum is a comprehensive framework focusing on improving the quality of care for breast cancer patients by addressing the various aspects of breast cancer care. The continuum includes five key stages of care: 1. Prevention Preventing the occurrence of breast cancer is the ideal scenario. However, many risk factors can contribute to the development of breast cancer, including age, family history, lifestyle choices, and exposure to certain chemicals. Women with a high risk of developing breast cancer may take preventative measures, like prophylactic mastectomy or medication. Your healthcare providers can guide you on the most effective options based on your risk factors. 2. Screening Early detection is vital to successful treatment. Therefore, you should report any breast changes or abnormalities to your healthcare provider. Mammograms are the most common screening tool used to detect breast cancer, and you should discuss when to get them and how often with your provider. Additional screening tools include breast MRIs or ultrasounds. 3. Diagnosis If breast cancer is suspected, your provider may recommend a biopsy, which involves removing a small amount of breast tissue for analysis. Biopsies can confirm the presence of cancer and provide critical information about the type of cancer, which informs treatment options and decisions. 4. Treatment Treatment can involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination. The type of recommended treatment depends on several factors, including the stage and type of cancer, and the patient’s overall health and preferences. Surgery is often the first step in breast cancer treatment, and it may include removing the tumor and a small amount of surrounding tissue (lumpectomy) or the entire breast (mastectomy). Reconstruction may be performed immediately or later, depending on the type of surgery. Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells and is often used after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells. Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment that uses drugs to eradicate cancer cells and is often used before or after surgery to shrink tumors or prevent recurrence. Finally, targeted therapy uses drugs that target specific proteins or genes associated with cancer growth and can be combined with other treatments. 5. Recovery and Survivorship After treatment, patients enter a recovery and survivorship phase. During this phase, patients may experience physical and emotional changes and may require ongoing support. Follow-up care, including regular medical appointments and imaging tests, is important to monitor for a recurrence and address any side effects of treatment. Support can be a vital tool for recovery and survivorship. SurvivingBreastCancer.org offers multiple online weekly and monthly support groups to help you navigate your journey. Each stage of the Breast Cancer Care Continuum is critical to ensuring patients receive the best possible care and achieve the most favorable outcomes. Effective coordination between healthcare providers, patients, and support services is essential to accomplish this goal. The Importance of the Breast Cancer Care Continuum The Breast Cancer Care Continuum ensures that patients receive timely and appropriate care at every stage of their journey, from prevention to survivorship. As a result, the approach can help reduce morbidity and mortality rates associated with breast cancer, improve patient outcomes, and enhance the quality of life for survivors. According to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the US , and early detection through screening is critical to improving patient outcomes. The Breast Cancer Care Continuum ensures that patients receive regular screenings and follow-up care to detect and manage breast cancer at the earliest possible stage. Count On Us for Information, Resources, and Support Whether you’re newly diagnosed with breast cancer , are navigating survivorship, or are the loved one of someone experiencing breast cancer, you can count on SurvivingBreastCancer.org to keep you informed. In addition to online support groups, we provide a comprehensive suite of resources. Our resources include educational information to help you better understand symptoms, testing, treatment options , surgery, etc.; podcasts that feature professionals, advocates, and caregivers who share valuable information; and free online programs in English and Spanish, including yoga, art therapy, writing workshops, webinars, and more. Your donations enable SurvivingBreastCancer.org to offer resources and support every day, every month, and every year, so you’re never alone. SBC is here for you! Learn more: Newly Diagnosed with Breast Cancer Risk Factors Exercise and Breast Cancer SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Rod Ritchie Although around one percent of new cases diagnosed are males, going through breast cancer treatment affects people regardless of their gender. Therefore, patient advocates for men with this disease are looking to build and promote a consistent profile and narrative within all cancer groups for breast cancer. The aim is to enable a more balanced perspective for men and support improved health outcomes. Men’s MBC prognosis Several years ago, the author, a Stage 3B IBC survivor and Stage 4 friend, Rob Fincher, realized men with breast cancer have a poorer prognosis than women. 3 This is because they are more often diagnosed at a later stage. As well, they can be reluctant to present themselves with symptoms because of the stigma . Moreover, their health practitioners commonly do not recognize symptoms early enough. Then, there is a lack of male-specific clinical research and trials . This means that treatment for men follows protocols that were developed for women. Bringing About Change Breast cancer charities are almost exclusively fixated on using pink to denote breast cancer. This is fine because women are getting the message. However, the community is largely unaware that males get this disease as well. It is estimated that this year, 2,360 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed in men in the U.S., 350 in the U.K., and 150 in Australia. In some African countries, the rate of male diagnosis is as high as 30 percent of new cases. Worldwide, 20,828 men will die from the disease annually. 1 In a 2012 study that assessed more than 13,000 male breast cancers from the U.S. National Cancer Database, men with breast cancer were found to be less likely to survive the disease than women. All we ask of breast cancer groups is that they give us a fair go and assist in raising public awareness of the genderless nature of this disease. 2 What Does the Manifesto Say? Like much social change, bringing about a new phase in the treatment of men with breast cancer takes time. Our manifesto is not so much a list of demands as a plea to those who can alter the status quo to consider equity in treating patients, regardless of their gender: 3 Reduce the sexual stereotyping of breast cancer as being an exclusively female disease. Provide inclusive imagery and de-gendered language across all mediums to acknowledge the disease that exists in men as well as women. Build a sense of importance and belonging within cancer support groups for male breast cancer patients and their caregivers. Institute public breast screening programs for BRCA1 and BRCA2 people of all genders. Provide easy access to relevant up-to-date information for men that is prominently displayed and accessible by all groups . Institute breast cancer research and development funding to the equivalent of one percent of the total amounts raised. Include a splash of blue among the pink to promote awareness of male breast cancer. Set aside a day in October to publicize male breast cancer. A Tireless Patient Advocate Sadly, Rob Fincher passed away from breast cancer three years ago. He was a tireless patient advocate and was completely open about his diagnosis and the conundrums of being treated in a world of pink. He once said, “I wonder, with the benefit of hindsight, if it would have been easier to accept the diagnoses, whether it would have been easier to understand and communicate, and whether my feelings of emasculation would have been different if there had been the slightest mention of males or the slightest blue hue anywhere.”. 4 Progress is Being Made The good news is that charities and government agencies have made strides in their presentation of genderless material in print and digital material in the eight years I’ve worked on this campaign. Our call on all breast cancer groups to adopt a more inclusive agenda for the promotion of breast cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and research in men is bearing fruit. Learn More: Men: Know Your Breast Cancer Risk Male Breast Reconstruction: Fixed or Flat? 10 Myths & Facts About Male Breast Cancer Resources for Male Breast Cancer Patients Genderless Breast Cancer Research The Stigma Surrounding Male Breast Cancer References: Cancer Today. World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available at: https://gco.iarc.fr/today/. Accessed on July 28, 2022. National Cancer Database. American College of Surgeons. Available at: https://www.facs.org/quality-programs/cancer-programs/national-cancer-database. Accessed on July 28, 2022. Breast Cancer: Men Get It Too. MBC Manifesto. Available at: https://malebc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/MBCmanifesto6.pdf. Accessed on: July 28, 2022. Rob Fincher. Male Breast Cancer Happens. Available at:https://malebreastcancerhappens.org/Survivor%20Stories/rob-fincher/. Accessed on: July 28, 2022. Author bio: Rod Ritchie is a Sydney-born writer, internet publisher, and breast cancer patient activist, living with breast and prostate cancers. Currently, he’s NED for both. He’s President, Board of Directors, Male Breast Cancer Global Alliance, has a website at MaleBC.org , and you can follow him on Twitter @malefitness . His articles for Health Union can be found here . SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Rafia Nasir As an oncology pharmacist, I have four years of firsthand experience working with cancer patients. I provide guidance on chemotherapies, side effect management, and overall support. In this article, I will share some helpful tips for newly diagnosed cancer patients that I’ve learned through my years of experience. Emotional Intelligence In relation to cancer treatment, emotional intelligence refers to one’s ability to identify, understand, and manage one’s own emotions as well as others’ emotions while navigating cancer treatment. Mindfulness and meditation techniques, along with a strong support system that includes loved ones and your oncology team , can help you cope with stress and improve your overall well-being during cancer treatment. If you require additional support, seeking advice from a psychologist can be beneficial. Be Prepared to Share Sharing your experiences or queries with doctors can help you receive proper care and effectively manage symptoms. If you’re concerned about forgetting relevant information to discuss during your doctor’s appointment, jot your questions down beforehand. Medication Adherence Taking medications as prescribed is crucial for the best outcomes. Make sure you understand all your medications and each one’s purpose. Consider using a pill organizer or setting reminders on your phone to take oral medications. Manage Your Side Effects Cancer treatment may cause different side effects , such as fatigue, nausea, skin or nail issues, and hair loss. Discuss with your oncology team how to manage symptoms through medications, diet, and exercise to maintain quality of life and treatment adherence. Stay Positive Many studies have shown that positivity is strongly correlated with physical well-being. Staying positive can help improve your immunity, lower stress levels, and reduce inflammation in the body, which allows you to battle disease much more effectively. Some examples include connecting with supportive people , finding meaning in life through hobbies, volunteering or spending time with loved ones, expressing gratitude, and staying focused on what you can control , such as sticking to treatment plans and practicing self-care. Be Your Own Advocate You have the right to participate in your own care . Be proactive, speak up, and ask questions. Your input is crucial for the best treatment plan. Financial Aid You can explore various options, such as government programs and non-profit organizations , to alleviate the financial burden of cancer treatment. Managing Appearance Changes During chemotherapy, you may experience skin and nail changes, hair loss, and weight changes. Self-care practices, including maintaining personal hygiene, wearing comfortable and stylish clothing, and using makeup or accessories, can help you manage some of these changes. You can also seek assistance from your oncology team in coping with them. Fitness and Physical Activity Regular exercise or physical activity during cancer treatment may improve your physical and emotional well-being and help you cope with certain side effects. You can also ask your oncology team to refer you to a suitable physical therapist, which can be helpful in your healing process from treatment. Eating Mindfully Maintaining a healthy diet and adequate nutrition is imperative during cancer treatment to support the body’s ability to heal and cope with side effects. A registered dietitian can help you create a personalized nutrition plan. By following these tips, you can make informed decisions and manage your treatment effectively. Remember, cancer treatment is a journey, and by taking care of yourself and seeking support , you can navigate it more easily. Learn more: Newly Diagnosed with Breast Cancer Exercise and Breast Cancer The Breast Cancer Care Continuum Breast Cancer and Mental Health Breast Cancer and Nutrition Side Effects of Chemotherapy Being Your Own Advocate Author bio: Rafia Nasir holds a Pharm-D degree and has extensive clinical and oncology experience. She worked for four years as a clinical pharmacist in medical oncology at an ISO-certified military hospital in Pakistan. Her experience as a clinical pharmacist helps her understand cancer treatment and the importance of individualized care. She currently works as a medical writer covering cancer treatment and research. By leveraging her clinical experience, she is able to translate complex medical information into patient-friendly language to help patients better understand their disease and treatment options. Through her work, she aims to bridge the gap between medical expertise and patient understanding. With a strong focus on patient education, she is committed to helping patients and their caregivers tackle cancer treatment complexities with confidence and hope. SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, with over two million new cases diagnosed annually . A breast cancer diagnosis is life-altering, and surviving is a testament to your resilience and strength. However, the road to recovery is often long and challenging. As a survivor, you face the task of readjusting to life after treatment. This can include unique challenges, but there are ways to improve your quality of life and overall well-being. Continue reading for essential tips to help breast cancer survivors navigate this new chapter and flourish in their post-treatment lives. 1. Maintain a Healthy Diet A balanced diet is crucial in maintaining your overall well-being. It strengthens the immune system and can reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. Conversely, diets high in meat, alcohol, and certain types of fat can increase the risk of breast cancer . Instead, incorporate fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins into your daily meals while limiting your intake of processed foods, saturated fats, and sugars. 2. Engage in Regular Physical Activity Regular exercise helps you maintain a healthy weight and a better quality of life and reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence. In addition, physical activity has stress-reducing benefits, like increasing endorphins, the brain’s feel-good neurotransmitters. It can also enhance your mood, help you relax, and improve your sleep. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise per week and muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days per week. Consult with your healthcare team to create a personalized fitness plan. 3. Prioritize Mental Health and Emotional Well-Being Addressing the emotional and psychological challenges accompanying survivorship is crucial. Seek support from friends, family, or support groups. Consider professional help if you experience anxiety, depression, or other mental health concerns. Support groups and therapy can help survivors process emotions, cope with the fear of recurrence, and rebuild self-esteem. Sharing your story with others can provide healing and inspire hope. Consider joining a support group like Surviving Breast Cancer’s Thursday Night Thrivers . 4. Manage Lymphedema Lymphedema is a common side effect of breast cancer treatment due to the removal or damage to lymph nodes, causing swelling and discomfort. Working with a certified lymphedema therapist can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. You can learn more about preventative measures and early intervention strategies from your healthcare team or the National Lymphedema Network for resources and a therapist directory. 5. Stay Informed About Post-Treatment Care Regular check-ups with your healthcare team to monitor for recurrence or new cancers are essential. Post-treatment care may include regular mammograms (if you still have breast tissue), physical exams, and symptom assessments. Communicate with your healthcare team to ensure you understand your ongoing care and any signs of potential recurrence. 6. Be Vigilant About Bone Health Breast cancer treatments can impact bone health, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Talk with your healthcare provider about bone density screenings, supplements, and lifestyle changes to improve bone health. 7. Explore Complementary Therapies Therapies like acupuncture , yoga , and meditation can help alleviate stress, anxiety, and treatment-related side effects. Discuss these options with your healthcare team to find what works for you. 8. Consider Breast Reconstruction or Prosthetics Breast reconstruction and prosthetics can help improve self-esteem and body image after surgery. Consider consulting with a plastic surgeon to discuss options and determine the best choice for your needs. 9. Embrace Your “New Normal” Adjusting to life after breast cancer may require reevaluating priorities , setting new goals, and accepting a “new normal.” Give yourself time and space to process your experience and make necessary changes. Count On Us for Information, Resources, and Support We hope these tips will help you optimize your physical and emotional well-being, paving the way for a thriving life after breast cancer. Remember that this is an ongoing process, so don't be discouraged if you don’t see immediate results. If you have any questions about these tips, please reach out to us — we’re here for you! Whether you’re newly diagnosed with breast cancer , are navigating survivorship, or are the loved one of someone experiencing breast cancer, you can count on SurvivingBreastCancer.org to keep you informed. We provide educational information to help you better understand symptoms , testing, treatment options , surgery, etc., and podcasts that feature professionals, advocates, and caregivers who share valuable information. Your donations enable SurvivingBreastCancer.org to offer resources and support every day, every month, and every year. SBC is here for you! Learn more: On My Mat: Mindfulness and Cancer Exercise and Breast Cancer Diet and Breast Cancer Understanding Lymphedema New Meanings and Shifting Priorities SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Rafia Nasir Cancer is a complicated experience, and it can take a significant toll on your mental well-being. Managing your emotions throughout your cancer journey is key to staying positive and focused on your recovery. That’s where emotional intelligence comes in. The concept of emotional intelligence entails recognizing how you feel, understanding why you feel that way, and learning how to deal with those emotions effectively. Additionally, it involves being attuned to the feelings of others and responding to them with compassion and understanding. How exactly does emotional intelligence help you at various points of your cancer experience? And how can you develop your own emotional intelligence? Read on to find out. How Emotional Intelligence Can Help You Coping with Your Diagnosis Receiving a cancer diagnosis can stir up various emotions like shock, fear, anxiety, sadness, anger, uncertainty, and isolation. By cultivating emotional intelligence, you can enhance your emotional stability, eventually enabling you to make informed choices about your treatment options and expected outcomes. Managing Treatment Emotional intelligence helps you navigate treatment-related side effects and make informed healthcare choices. It enables you to recognize the emotional impact of side effects and also helps you take proactive steps to practice self-care effectively. Embracing Survivorship Emotional intelligence can help you navigate the emotional challenges of being a cancer survivor, such as fear of recurrence and uncertainty about the future. It enables you to recognize and acknowledge your emotions, explore the underlying causes, and develop healthy strategies to cope with them. How to Become Emotionally Intelligent Throughout Your Cancer Experience Now that you’ve seen a few examples of how emotional intelligence can help you during your experience with cancer treatment and beyond, you may be wondering how to cultivate emotional intelligence yourself. Here are a few strategies that can help you build emotional intelligence to support you through cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. Learn to Recognize and Acknowledge Your Emotions Pay attention to your emotions, and learn to recognize and label them accurately. Practice mindfulness exercises, such as focused breathing or body scan meditation, to observe your emotions without judgment. For example, you can take a few minutes each day to focus on your breath, noticing each inhale and exhale. When difficult emotions arise, try deep breathing or engaging in positive self-talk to experience your emotions in a non-harmful way. SurvivingBreastCancer.org offers an on-demand meditation video library , as well as virtual meditation and mindfulness programs . Educate Yourself About Cancer By connecting with healthcare professionals, actively listening, and asking relevant questions to enhance your understanding of your condition and treatment, you engage in a process that cultivates emotional intelligence. Being well-informed enables you to anticipate potential challenges, prepare yourself emotionally, and develop effective coping strategies. Practice Self-Care Take care of yourself physically and emotionally by getting enough sleep, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly. Consider incorporating meditation or yoga into your routine to manage stress and anxiety. Engaging in enjoyable hobbies and activities can boost your mood and help you feel more emotionally resilient. Cultivate Patience and Empathy Learn to truly listen and understand the perspectives of other people, as well as situations outside of your control. For instance, rather than getting frustrated over delays in test results or appointments, try to understand the reasons behind them, such as your case being complicated or your doctor having an increased patient load. By showing patience, you will be able to cultivate a productive relationship with your healthcare provider, enhance communication, and decrease feelings of isolation. Build Positive Relationships Surround yourself with people who encourage and support you and avoid negative or draining relationships. Consider attending support group meetings. SurvivingBreastCancer.org hosts weekly peer-to-peer meetups open to anyone diagnosed with breast cancer, in addition to meetups specifically for the metastatic (MBC) and inflammatory (IBC) breast cancer communities. Set Goals and Find Purpose in Life Having a purpose can give you a reason to keep going and stay motivated, even during difficult times such as cancer. For example, you may consider volunteering in your community, fundraising for a charity, participating in awareness programs, planting a tree or garden, or knitting blankets for a local shelter. Having a purpose can give you a sense of hope and help you focus on something positive. It can also be an effective way to meet new people and build meaningful relationships. Identifying Triggers of Difficult Emotions As we discussed earlier, your cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship come with many emotional challenges. You can cope with them by identifying the people, situations, or thoughts that trigger your difficult emotions. You can help yourself by stopping believing myths and misconceptions about cancer, avoiding negative self-talk , and connecting with positive people. Emotional intelligence is a powerful tool that you can use throughout your experience with cancer treatment and beyond. With emotional intelligence, you can practice managing your emotions, making informed treatment choices, navigating survivorship challenges, and fostering positive relationships. Ultimately, cultivating emotional intelligence and building these practices can help you improve your emotional well-being and resilience. Learn more: SBC Meditation Library Putting Yourself First New Meanings and Shifting Priorities Breast Cancer and Mental Health Tips for Managing Mood Swings and Breast Cancer From the same author: Navigating Cancer Treatment: Top Tips from an Oncology Pharmacist Author bio: Rafia Nasir holds a Pharm-D degree and has extensive clinical and oncology experience. She worked for four years as a clinical pharmacist in medical oncology at an ISO-certified military hospital in Pakistan. Her experience as a clinical pharmacist helps her understand cancer treatment and the importance of individualized care. She currently works as a medical writer covering cancer treatment and research. By leveraging her clinical experience, she is able to translate complex medical information into patient-friendly language to help patients better understand their disease and treatment options. Through her work, she aims to bridge the gap between medical expertise and patient understanding. With a strong focus on patient education, she is committed to helping patients and their caregivers tackle cancer treatment complexities with confidence and hope. SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

Breast cancer is a serious, life-altering disease affecting thousands yearly. When someone close to you receives a diagnosis, you may be unsure of what to say or how to act. Navigating the path of empathy, understanding, and support can be challenging. You don’t want to avoid speaking with your loved one about their experience, yet you don’t want to say or do the wrong thing. Continue reading to learn about breast cancer etiquette and suggestions on handling these complex interactions. Understanding the Basics of Breast Cancer Before considering etiquette, it’s crucial to educate yourself about the diagnosis and treatment options. This will help you better understand your loved one’s experience and communicate with them more effectively. Breast cancer is a complex disease that originates in the breast tissue. It can develop in people of any gender, although it’s far more common in women . According to the American Cancer Society, it’s the most common cancer among women after skin cancer . It can manifest in different forms , including hormone receptor-positive, hormone receptor-negative, inflammatory, lobular, ductal, and more. Breast cancer stages range from ductal carcinoma in situ (stage zero, considered non-invasive) to metastatic (stage IV) . While the exact cause of breast cancer is unknown, there are well-established risk factors, including age, genetic mutations, dense breast tissue, and personal or family history of breast or ovarian cancer. A breast cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming, sparking a wave of emotions from fear and anxiety to depression and anger. Recognizing this emotional turmoil is the first step toward empathetic communication. Empathy is Key: What to Say When someone you love is diagnosed with breast cancer, you may be at a loss for words. Remember that practicing true empathy is vital. You can express your care and concern with statements like the following: “I’m here for you,” affirms your support and willingness to stand by their side. “It’s okay to be scared. Let’s face this together,” acknowledges their fear and validates their feelings. “You’re not alone. I’m with you,” reassures them of your presence and support. Avoid giving unsolicited advice, making light of their condition, or sharing stories about other people’s experiences with breast cancer. Each person’s experience is unique, and what worked for one person might not work for another. Open Lines of Communication: What to Ask Open and honest conversations are essential. When a loved one is diagnosed with breast cancer, one of the best things you can do is offer your support. Here are some questions you can ask to promote a discussion: “How are you feeling today?” shows that you genuinely care about their well-being. “What chores or errands can I take off your plate?” allows them to express their needs. “Would you like to talk about it?” shows your willingness to listen, which can be incredibly therapeutic. Offering Support: Actions Speak Louder Your actions can demonstrate your support and help ease your loved one’s situation. Offer Practical Help: Accompany them to appointments, help with chores, or provide meals. Encourage Self-Care: Encourage them to engage in enjoyable activities that promote relaxation. Stay Informed: Learn all you can about the treatment process to provide better support. Each person’s needs are different, so adapt your support accordingly. Don’t Minimize Their Experience While it’s natural to want to ease a loved one’s pain, it’s important not to minimize their experience or feelings. For example, avoid saying things like, “At least it’s not worse” or “You’ll be fine.” Although these comments are well-intentioned, they can invalidate your loved one’s feelings. Be Mindful of Your Language When discussing breast cancer, be aware of the language you use. For example, avoid phrases that could be perceived as blame or judgment, like “You should have…” or “If only you had…” Also, refrain from using war metaphors like “fight” or “battle” unless your loved one uses them. Count On Us for Information, Resources, and Support These tips will help you show compassion, understanding, and respect. Practicing good cancer etiquette ensures your loved one feels heard, understood, and supported. It’s about being there for them in words and actions and helping them navigate this challenging path. If you have any questions about these tips, please contact us — we’re here for you! Whether you’re newly diagnosed with breast cancer , are navigating survivorship, or are the loved one of someone experiencing breast cancer, you can count on SurvivingBreastCancer.org to keep you informed. We provide educational information to help you better understand symptoms , testing, treatment options , surgery, etc., and podcasts that feature professionals, advocates, and caregivers who share valuable information. Your donations enable SurvivingBreastCancer.org to offer resources and support every day, every month, and every year. SBC is here for you! Learn more: Different Types of Breast Cancer Newly Diagnosed How to Be Helpful When a Loved One is Sick Caregiving Cancer Caregivers: Contending with Change SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Laura Carfang Receiving a breast cancer diagnosis can be an overwhelming experience that is followed by an array of emotions and challenges. Adjusting to the diagnosis and treatment can be challenging enough without the added pressure of feeling that one needs to meet the expectations of others. Many people may expect you to return to normal after your breast cancer diagnosis, but the truth is, the journey to recovery is unique for everyone. People often expect you to return to your "normal" life following treatment and find it challenging to comprehend the emotional and physical toll breast cancer can have on a person. This can add an additional layer of burden and frustration to an already difficult experience. In this blog post, we’ll explore the realities and challenges of life after a breast cancer diagnosis and provide insights and recommendations for coping with the aftermath. We will also address why it’s essential to manage expectations when it comes to breast cancer treatment, acknowledge the challenges of survivorship, and offer some practical tips to help you cope with external expectations while focusing on your health. Challenges No One Wants to Talk About: Dealing With the Fear of Recurrence Following successful cancer treatment, the fear of breast cancer recurrence can feel overwhelming. After weekly chemo infusions or daily visits for radiation, all of a sudden, your doctor says they will see you in 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, etc. I remember that my friends and family thought that this was the best news ever, that I could return to my full-time job, and that we could "finally move on". What wasn't mentioned was the turmoil I was feeling. If I weren't meeting with my oncologist on a weekly basis, who was going to watch over me? The first year was the worst. Every little thing triggered the thought of breast cancer recurrence; a sneeze, a cough, or a headache led me to believe my cancer had returned. After frantically scheduling an appointment with my primary, we concluded it was just allergies. It is common that many people who have completed active treatment for early-stage breast cancer (post-treatment) report feeling anxious, depressed, and uncertain about their future health. It's important to recognize that these feelings are normal and valid. To manage the fear of recurrence, it's essential to engage in activities that promote peace of mind and relaxation, such as yoga, meditation, or spending time with loved ones. Joining a support group with other breast cancer survivors can also be helpful in sharing experiences and providing emotional support (all of which are available through Survivingbreastcancer.org ). Coping with Lingering Physical Symptoms of Cancer Treatment It's important to note that the breast cancer treatment process is unlike any other medical condition. Breast cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery can cause long-lasting physical symptoms such as fatigue, lymphedema, and pain or discomfort. It can be challenging to explain these symptoms to others, as you may appear outwardly healthy, and these symptoms are invisible. It's important to communicate with loved ones and healthcare providers about these symptoms to ensure adequate support and treatment. Engaging in physical therapy, massage, or alternative therapies such as acupuncture, and staying active can also help alleviate persistent physical symptoms from cancer treatment. People around you may not understand what you're going through and the challenges you face daily, which can lead to unreasonable expectations. While they may have good intentions, it can feel like they’re trivializing your experience when they expect you to act like everything is okay just because you look okay physically. Therefore, it’s paramount to communicate your experiences and what you need from others. Consider opening up and honestly talking to family, friends, and even work colleagues and your manager, about what you are facing and how you feel. Another way to cope with expectations is to set boundaries. For example, I found the transition back to work incredibly challenging. Going from a 12-week medical leave and jumping right back into 40 hours a week did not work for me. I was emotional, I was dealing with brain fog, and some of the pettiness of day-to-day life just didn't seem that important to me anymore after a cancer diagnosis. I was fortunate to be able to work with HR and my direct manager to ease back into work, manage my workload, and, luckily, work back up to full-time hours when I was able. Setting reasonable expectations can help you feel less overwhelmed and more in control. Navigating Relationships After Breast Cancer Maintaining relationships can prove to be a challenge after a breast cancer diagnosis. People may treat you differently, including overly-generous gestures or avoidance, leaving some feeling isolated and rejected. Taking the initiative to reach out to friends and family, setting boundaries, and explaining one's needs can help manage these challenging relationships. Joining a breast cancer survivors group can also provide a sense of community and support. Moreover, taking care of yourself is also essential, and this includes paying attention to what you eat, exercising, and getting enough sleep. Doing things that make you happy can also offer a great release and help you relax. Consider meditation, reading books, or taking up a new hobby to help you take your mind off the cancer-related stressors. Lastly, try to be gentle with yourself - it is okay not to be at the top of your game all the time. Every day may not be the same, and that’s just fine. Be patient with yourself In conclusion, receiving a breast cancer diagnosis is a challenging and often isolating experience. It's essential to recognize that the journey of a breast cancer survivor continues long after treatment. It's crucial to take care of yourself physically, emotionally, and financially, and to seek support from loved ones and medical professionals. Remember to be both patient and kind to yourself, focus on the things you enjoy, and celebrate small victories. No one has a perfect life, but you can make the best of what you have. Remember, you're not alone in this experience.

By Kelly Hsu Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) refers to when cells in the breast duct become cancer cells. This is also known as “stage zero” breast cancer . DCIS is a very early stage of cancer, and as a result, it is considered to be highly treatable. It is also non-invasive, as the cancerous cells have not spread to other tissue areas in the body. DCIS does not usually present with noticeable symptoms . Though uncommon, some patients have reported experiencing discharge from the nipples or feeling a lump in the breast. Detection and diagnosis have increased since the increased implementation of routine mammogram screenings. Today, DCIS accounts for between 20 and 25% of breast cancer diagnoses [1]. DCIS and Risk DCIS itself is not life-threatening, but the main concern is that if left untreated, it could progress into invasive breast cancer , meaning stage 1 or higher invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) . Individuals with DCIS have a higher-than-average risk of developing IDC, but there is not enough information to accurately predict which cases will progress and which will not. To this day, it is controversial among researchers about whether to consider DCIS as a “real” cancer and recommend treatment, versus recommending less-invasive measures such as active surveillance. However, there is agreement that more research on biomarkers (specific molecules or characteristics in the body that can help give more specific information about a disease) is necessary in order to differentiate risk across cases and make more specific recommendations tailored to each individual patient [2, 3]. Evaluation and Treatment Currently, almost all patients diagnosed with DCIS are treated [3]. There are a variety of treatment options for those with a DCIS diagnosis [4, 5, 6]. Surgery Breast-conserving surgery (BCS), or a lumpectomy, involves removing the local region of affected cells. This is often followed by radiation therapy (RT). Breast-removing surgery, or a mastectomy, involves surgically removing all breast tissue. This may be followed by breast reconstruction surgery , and does not usually involve any RT. Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy (RT) will often follow BCS as an adjuvant treatment, with the purpose of killing any remaining cells and reducing the recurrence rate. Hormone Therapy If the DCIS shows estrogen or progesterone receptors, hormone therapy could be recommended as a treatment option. Examples of hormone therapies include tamoxifen (which blocks estrogen receptors) and aromatase inhibitors (which lower estrogen levels for postmenopausal women). This treatment would not be given alone, but rather as an adjuvant treatment after a surgery. DCIS Treatment Risks Surgery and other therapies can be very effective, but are also invasive and do not come without risks. There are a multitude of active surveillance research trials, where researchers are evaluating whether there is a change in outcomes between those who receive medical treatment upfront for DCIS, versus those who do not, and instead, regularly check in with their clinical team for routine examinations and imaging. The results of these studies may help clinicians better understand if it is possible for certain patients with DCIS to avoid surgery [5]. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with DCIS, be sure to speak to your healthcare provider to see what options are available, as well as the pros and cons of these different options. Results currently show that with a timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan, survival outcomes for DCIS are very high, with a 10-year breast cancer-specific survival rate of about 98% [7]. Treatment routes can also be very specifically tailored to each individual based on important and unique factors such as their disease type, overall health status, age, and personal preferences. Together, your healthcare team can help you figure out what management option is the best fit for you. Learn More: Diagnosed with DCIS After a Mammogram Find Your Tribe May Your Smile Always Be Brighter Than Any Obstacle You Face A Call For Self-Advocacy References: Tomlinson-Hansen, S., Khan, M., & Cassaro, S. (2023). Breast Ductal Carcinoma in Situ. In StatPearls . StatPearls Publishing. American Association for Cancer Research. (2023, January 4). Research updates . Leading Discoveries Magazine. https://leadingdiscoveries.aacr.org/research-updates-9/ Schmitz, R. S. J. M., Wilthagen, E. A., van Duijnhoven, F., van Oirsouw, M., Verschuur, E., Lynch, T., Punglia, R. S., Hwang, E. S., Wesseling, J., Schmidt, M. K., Bleiker, E. M. A., Engelhardt, E. G., & Grand Challenge Precision Consortium (2022). Prediction Models and Decision Aids for Women with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: A Systematic Literature Review. Cancers , 14 (13), 3259. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2022, May 18). Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) . Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dcis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371895 Grimm, L. J., Rahbar, H., Abdelmalak, M., Hall, A. H., & Ryser, M. D. (2021). Ductal carcinoma in situ: State-of-the-art review. Radiology , 302 (2), 246–255. Van Seijen, M., Lips, E. H., Thompson, A. M., Nik-Zainal, S., Futreal, A., Hwang, E. S., Verschuur, E., Lane, J., Jonkers, J., Rea, D. W., Wesseling, J., & PRECISION team (2019). Ductal carcinoma in situ: to treat or not to treat, that is the question. British journal of cancer , 121 (4), 285–292. Elshof, L. E., Schmidt, M. K., Rutgers, E. J. T., van Leeuwen, F. E., Wesseling, J., & Schaapveld, M. (2018). Cause-specific Mortality in a Population-based Cohort of 9799 Women Treated for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ. Annals of surgery , 267 (5), 952–958. Author bio: Kelly Hsu I am a recent graduate of Wellesley College (Class of ‘21), where I studied neuroscience. I am currently working as a Clinical Research Coordinator at the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center on several patient-centered outcomes research studies. Through my experiences, I have developed passions for health education, psychosocial oncology, and palliative care. I plan to attend medical school next fall, where I hope to keep pursuing these interests. SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

If you’ve had surgery or a biopsy, the biological sample from your procedure will be sent to a pathologist working in a laboratory. The pathologist will study your sample and create a pathology report providing important information about what was found in your sample. Your pathology report will be reviewed carefully by your oncology team, and you should discuss it with your doctors to ensure you understand your specific situation. Before you receive or review your pathology report, however, you may be looking for more information about what exactly this report is and what you can expect it to contain. You may feel some anxiety waiting for your pathology report, and deciphering the medical jargon and dense information can be daunting. Continue reading to understand the process and your pathology report in a simple, step-by-step format. What is a Pathology Report? A pathology report is a document that contains the findings of a pathologist who has examined a patient’s biological samples under a microscope. The samples are usually obtained through biopsy, surgery, or a medical examination and can include findings from body tissues, fluids, or cells. Your pathology report provides valuable insight into the nature of your disease. It includes detailed information about the type, grade, and extent of your cancer, as well as the margins of the removed tissue. Pathologists play a critical role in diagnosing diseases like cancer, and their reports guide physicians in determining the appropriate course of treatment. Why Understanding Your Pathology Report Matters Understanding your pathology report empowers you to participate actively in your healthcare decisions with your oncology team. It helps you grasp the severity and nature of your condition and set expectations for your treatment. For more insights on why understanding your pathology report is crucial, refer to the resources provided by The American Cancer Society. Understanding the Structure of Your Pathology Report A pathology report usually contains the following sections: Patient Information: Your name, patient ID, date of birth, and the name of the physician who requested the test. Specimen Information: The type and location of the sample, how and when the pathology received it, and who provided it. It may include information about the margins — the edges of tissue that were removed during the biopsy or surgery. Since the goal of surgery is to remove all of the cancerous tissue, it’s vital to ensure that the margins are clear or negative (meaning that no cancer cells are detected on the edges). If any lymph nodes were removed during the procedure, the pathology report will also state whether cancer cells were found in them. Gross Description: What the pathologist observed with the naked eye, including the color, size, and weight of the sample. Microscopic Description: A description of what the pathologist observed under the microscope, including cell structures and abnormalities. Diagnosis: The pathologist’s interpretation of the findings and the final diagnosis. Reading Your Pathology Report Now that you know what a pathology report includes, here’s a guide to understanding your report: Verify Patient Information: Ensure that the patient's details are correct. Mistakes, although rare, can happen. Understand the Specimen: Knowing what type of specimen was taken and where it was taken from can give context to the report. Gross Description: While this section can be technical, look for descriptors of size, shape and color, which can give you an idea of the sample’s normality. Microscopic Description: This section might be complex, containing detailed observations of cellular structures. Look for terms like benign, malignant, normal, abnormal, etc., to get a sense of what was found. Interpret the Diagnosis: Again, the final diagnosis, as stated by the pathologist, might be technical and challenging to understand. You can use reliable medical dictionaries like MedlinePlus to understand them. Remember, it’s essential to discuss these findings with your healthcare provider to fully understand your condition and to determine the next steps in your care. Count On Us for Information, Resources, and Support Understanding your pathology report is a critical step in managing your health. The knowledge contained in your report can help you better understand your diagnosis. This will empower you to navigate and make informed decisions about your treatment. Consult with your healthcare provider for clarifications and concerns. Please contact us if you have questions about speaking with your doctor regarding your pathology report! Whether you’re newly diagnosed with breast cancer , are navigating survivorship, or are the loved one of someone experiencing breast cancer, you can count on SurvivingBreastCancer.org to keep you informed. We provide educational information to help you better understand symptoms , testing, treatment options , surgery, etc., and podcasts that feature professionals, advocates, and caregivers who share valuable information. Your donations enable SurvivingBreastCancer.org to offer resources and support every day, every month, and every year. SBC is here for you! Learn more: What is Breast Cancer? Breast Cancer Symptoms Newly Diagnosed. Now What? Note: This article is designed to provide general information and not meant to replace professional medical advice. Always discuss your pathology reports with your healthcare provider. SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

Breast cancer recurrence is the return of cancer after treatment, and it is a concern for many breast cancer survivors. High-risk patients, who have a higher chance of recurrence, require more proactive management strategies to address this concern. What Makes Someone High-Risk for Breast Cancer Recurrence? While it is not always black or white, here are some of the general factors that may increase one’s risk for breast cancer recurrence: Advanced stage at diagnosis: The stage of breast cancer at diagnosis is one of the most important factors that determine the risk of recurrence. Patients with advanced-stage cancer, such as stage III or IV, have a higher risk of recurrence. Younger age at diagnosis: Women who are diagnosed with breast cancer at a younger age , especially before menopause, have a higher risk of recurrence. Hormone receptor status: Breast cancers that are estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) negative have a higher risk of recurrence. HER2 status: HER2-positive breast cancers have a higher risk of recurrence. Lymph node involvement: Breast cancers that have spread to the lymph nodes have a higher risk of recurrence. Tumor size: Larger tumors have a higher risk of recurrence. Disease remaining after treatment: If there are traces of cancer remaining in your body after surgery and/or other treatment like chemotherapy (called “molecular residual disease”), there is an increased risk of the cancer coming back. Previous history of breast cancer: Patients who have had breast cancer in the past have a higher risk of recurrence. It is important to note that while these factors increase the risk of recurrence, they do not necessarily mean that a patient will experience a recurrence. It is essential to discuss with your healthcare provider about your specific risk factors and create an individualized plan for surveillance and management. What Proactive Steps Can You Take Now? Below are some proactive ways to address breast cancer recurrence if you are a high-risk patient: Adjuvant therapy: Adjuvant therapy includes chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy, which are given after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells. High-risk patients are typically recommended to receive adjuvant therapy to lower the risk of recurrence. Lifestyle changes: Patients can lower their risk of recurrence by adopting a healthy lifestyle, which includes regular exercise , a balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding alcohol and smoking. Regular follow-up care: Patients should have regular follow-up care with their healthcare provider to monitor for signs of recurrence. Follow-up care may include regular physical exams, mammograms, blood and other imaging tests as needed. There are also new tests that look for traces of cancer in the blood called circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) that can provide an early alert that your breast cancer may be coming back. Talk to your doctor about whether this testing may be helpful for you. Genetic counseling and testing: High-risk patients may benefit from genetic counseling and testing to determine if they have an inherited genetic mutation that increases their risk of breast cancer. If they do, they can take steps to reduce their risk, such as prophylactic surgery or increased surveillance. Clinical trials: High-risk patients may be eligible to participate in clinical trials for new treatments or interventions that may reduce their risk of recurrence. In summary, addressing breast cancer recurrence in high-risk patients involves a combination of adjuvant therapy, lifestyle changes, regular follow-up care, genetic counseling, and testing. You are your own best advocate! Don’t be afraid to ask questions and speak with your healthcare provider about your breast cancer and if you are at a higher risk of breast cancer recurrence. Being proactive is key! Learn more: Breast Cancer Recurrence: Second Primary versus Metastasis Reducing the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) with Breast Cancer Genetic Testing for Cancer: What You Need to Know Exercise and Breast Cancer You Might Also Like: Breast Cancer Conversations Podcast Episode 49: Understanding the Complexities of Genetic Testing SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Rafia Nasir Cancer is a complex and often misunderstood disease that affects millions of people across the globe. Unfortunately, misconceptions and myths about cancer can spread misinformation , fear, and confusion. Let’s dive into 10 common myths surrounding cancer and unravel the truth behind them. Myth 1: Cancer Always Leads to Death One of the most common myths about cancer is that it is always fatal. It is true that cancer is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease. However, advances in early detection, treatment options, and supportive care have significantly improved survival rates . Many people are successfully treated and live full lives after being diagnosed with cancer. Myth 2: Superfoods or Specific Diets Can Cure Cancer Although maintaining a healthy diet is important for overall health, there is no specific diet or food that can cure cancer . Some foods have beneficial properties or antioxidants that may support overall health, but they cannot replace medical treatment for cancer. It is very important to rely on evidence-based medical treatment provided by healthcare professionals. Myth 3: Only Old People Get Cancer Cancer can affect people of all ages, including children and young adults. Although the risk of developing cancer increases with age, it is important to know that cancer can occur at any stage of life . The incidence of some types of cancer, such as leukemia and sarcoma, is higher in younger people. Myth 4: Mammograms Cause Breast Cancer Mammograms, the X-ray imaging used to screen for breast cancer, do not cause breast cancer. The benefits of regular mammograms in detecting breast cancer early and increasing survival rates far outweigh any potential risks associated with the procedure. Myth 5: Hair Color Causes Cancer There is no conclusive evidence linking the use of hair dyes to an increased risk of cancer. Although some studies have suggested a possible association, the overall risk is still considered minimal. Note : Some hair products such as straightening or smoothing treatments may contain formaldehyde or formaldehyde-releasing preservatives (DMDM hydantoin, imidazolidinyl urea, or quaternium-15, which can release formaldehyde over time). Prolonged inhalation or high levels of formaldehyde exposure have been associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, including nasopharyngeal cancer and leukemia. Regulatory agencies enforce restrictions on the concentration of formaldehyde in everyday consumer products to ensure safety. However, individuals with sensitivities or concerns may opt for alternatives that are formaldehyde free . It is advisable to carefully examine ingredient labels before using hair products and to follow safety instructions provided by manufacturers when using hair dyes. Myth 6: Cancer is Only Caused by Genetics While genetic factors may contribute to an individual’s risk of cancer, lifestyle choices and environmental exposures also play a role. Tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, exposure to carcinogens, and other lifestyle factors can greatly increase the risk of cancer, even in individuals without a family history of the disease. Myth 7: Alternative Therapies Can Cure Cancer Alternative therapies and treatments can provide comfort and relief from symptoms, but should not be considered a cure for cancer. Effective management and treatment of cancer requires reliance on evidence-based medical treatments provided by healthcare professionals. Myth 8: Cancer is Contagious Contrary to popular belief, cancer is not contagious . It cannot be transmitted from person to person like an infectious disease. Cancer is caused by genetic mutations or other factors in a person’s own cells, and is not caused by contact with or proximity to someone with the disease. Myth 9: Biopsies Cause Cancer to Spread Biopsies, which involve removing a small sample of tissue for examination, do not cause cancer to spread. A biopsy is essential to accurately diagnose cancer , determine its characteristics, and guide appropriate treatment decisions. Myth 10: Sunscreen Causes Vitamin D Deficiency Sunscreens are an essential tool for protecting the skin from harmful UV rays , reducing the risk of skin damage and skin cancer. But some people believe it can lead to vitamin D deficiency. Sunscreen does not completely block the skin’s ability to produce vitamin D. Even when wearing sunscreen, the skin can still absorb some UV radiation, allowing for adequate vitamin D synthesis. Additionally, there are other sources of vitamin D, such as certain foods and vitamin D supplements, which can help maintain optimal levels. Remember to seek reliable sources and consult with healthcare professionals for accurate information about cancer. It is important to dispel myths about cancer to promote understanding and make informed decisions. Feel free to share any other myths or questions you may have, and we’ll be glad to address them. Together, we can dispel misconceptions and promote awareness. Learn more: Diet and Breast Cancer Breast Cancer Risk Factors Reducing the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence 9 Essential Tips for Breast Cancer Survivors Cancer Etiquette: How to Talk with Loved Ones About Their Breast Cancer 10 Myths and Facts About Male Breast Cancer On the Breast Cancer Conversations Podcast: Diet, Exercise, and a Breast Cancer Vaccine, Oh My, with Judith Fitzgerald From the same author: Navigating Cancer Treatment: Top Tips from an Oncology Pharmacist Unlocking the Power of Emotional Intelligence Author bio: Rafia Nasir holds a Pharm-D degree and has extensive clinical and oncology experience. She worked for four years as a clinical pharmacist in medical oncology at an ISO-certified military hospital in Pakistan. Her experience as a clinical pharmacist helps her understand cancer treatment and the importance of individualized care. She currently works as a medical writer covering cancer treatment and research. By leveraging her clinical experience, she is able to translate complex medical information into patient-friendly language to help patients better understand their disease and treatment options. Through her work, she aims to bridge the gap between medical expertise and patient understanding. With a strong focus on patient education, she is committed to helping patients and their caregivers tackle cancer treatment complexities with confidence and hope. SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

You may have heard the term “genetic testing” from your doctor or a friend, but what is it? Genetic testing has revolutionized the medical landscape by providing crucial insights into the potential risk of developing certain diseases. The Mayo Clinic suggests that genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations can offer valuable information about an individual’s cancer risk . However, the process can be confusing. Continue reading to learn about genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, the testing process, risks, benefits, and implications . What are BRCA1 and BRCA2? BRCA1 and BRCA2 are human genes that produce proteins responsible for repairing damaged DNA and play a significant role in maintaining the stability of our cells’ genetic material. Everyone has the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes – it’s the mutations to these genes that are a concern . When these genes are altered or mutated, they may not function properly, leading to the development of certain types of cancers , most notably breast and ovarian. What is BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genetic Testing? According to the Cleveland Clinic, BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing involve analyzing these genes for potential mutations . It’s typically performed with a blood test, although a saliva sample can also be used. Genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations is vital as it helps individuals understand their risk of developing cancers, including breast and ovarian cancer. Knowing your genetic risk can lead to early detection or prevention measures . Who Should Consider Genetic Testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations? Individuals with a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer should consider testing. In addition, people with Eastern European (Ashkenazi) Jewish heritage have a higher prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Additionally, people diagnosed with breast cancer may be encouraged to take the test to learn about family members’ risk . However, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider or genetic counselor before taking the test. They can assist in understanding the potential risks, benefits, and limitations of genetic testing. What Can the Results From a BRCA1 and BRCA2 Test Reveal? Genetic test results can be positive, negative, or uncertain. A positive result means that a person has a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and, therefore, a higher risk of developing certain types of cancer . However, a positive test does not mean a cancer diagnosis is inevitable. Rather, it means that the risk is higher than the general population. A negative result can be more difficult to interpret because it depends on the individual’s family history of cancer . It can mean no mutation detection, but this doesn’t mean you have no risk of developing these cancers. It is essential to discuss your results with your healthcare provider or genetic counselor to understand what they mean for you. If you have a positive BRCA mutation test result, several risk-reducing strategies are available, including more frequent screenings, medications, and preventive surgeries . A genetic counselor can provide detailed information based on your situation. What are the Risks and Limitations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genetic Testing? While genetic testing can be useful, it also has potential limitations, including: Uncertain Results: Sometimes, genetic tests identify a change in BRCA1 or BRCA2 that hasn’t been previously associated with cancer, called a variant of uncertain significance (VUS). Psychological Impact: Learning about an increased risk of cancer can cause anxiety and stress. You may also have concerns about what this means for other biological family members. Test Limitations: A negative test result doesn’t eliminate your risk of cancer. Understanding genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations can empower individuals to make informed decisions about their health . Genetic testing is just one piece of the puzzle; other factors like lifestyle and environmental influences can also contribute to your risk. Genetic testing can provide valuable insights, but it’s not a crystal ball predicting your future health. Count On Us for Information, Resources, and Support Whether you’re newly diagnosed with breast cancer , are navigating survivorship, or are the loved one of someone experiencing breast cancer, you can count on SurvivingBreastCancer.org to keep you informed. We provide educational information to help you better understand symptoms , testing, treatment options , surgery, etc., and podcasts that feature professionals, advocates, and caregivers who share valuable information. Your donations enable SurvivingBreastCancer.org to offer resources and support every day, every month, and every year. Note: This article is designed to provide general information and is not meant to replace professional medical advice. Always discuss your test results with your healthcare provider. Learn more: The Power of Knowledge (My BRCA Story) Genetic Testing for Cancer – What You Need to Know Reassurance for Genetic Testing Newly Diagnosed. Now What? You Might Also Like: Breast Cancer Conversations Podcast Episode 49: Understanding the Complexities of Genetic Testing SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Elisa Herrera I see the pink of October smiling all around us, but I want you to remember that inside you, your heart carries so many colors: soft blues of memory, greens of healing, violets of courage. They talk about “awareness,” they pin ribbons on you, but your story is deeper than any color. You carry laughter and loss, scars and strength, doubts and daring dreams. You are weaving your own tapestry threads of pain, stitches of hope, a design born of living and dreams Beyond the ribbon, You are more than a survivor. You are the breath between fear and faith, a vibrant palette of becoming. I see you. I honor every color of your journey. And I want you to remember: You are not just pink. You are all the colors of your courage, your healing, and your life. You are more than a survivor. You are the stars, the oceans, and the mountains vast, resilient, full of light. Trust in your courage, and remember: you will prevail. Share your poetry: https://www.survivingbreastcancer.org/submit-breast-cancer-story SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Laura Carfang Edited by Meghan McCallum Breast cancer is a devastating disease that affects millions of people worldwide. According to the American Cancer Society , breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women, with approximately 2.3 million new cases diagnosed each year . Despite advances in treatment options, the risk of recurrence and the potential for metastasis remain significant concerns for breast cancer survivors. However, there is new hope on the horizon in the form of a breast cancer vaccine. A recent episode of the SurvivingBreastCancer.org podcast Breast Cancer Conversations , hosted by Laura Carfang, highlights the promising breakthrough of a breast cancer vaccine . The episode features Dr. Amit Kumar, the chairman and CEO of Anixa Biosciences , and Jennifer Davis, the first recipient of the triple-negative breast cancer vaccine , which is currently in testing with the Cleveland Clinic. Dr. Amit Kumar Dr. Kumar, a trained scientist with extensive experience in the biotech industry, explains that Anixa Biosciences partnered with the Cleveland Clinic in 2019 to bring this groundbreaking vaccine technology out of the laboratory and into human testing. The vaccine is designed to prevent the recurrence of breast cancer in survivors and potentially even prevent the onset of cancer in individuals who have never had breast cancer before . While the vaccine’s initial target is triple-negative breast cancer, Dr. Kumar believes that this technology has the potential to prevent other types of breast cancer as well. Dr. Kumar emphasizes the significance of targeting triple-negative breast cancer , which has not previously been achieved as it has for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. “If you have triple negative breast cancer, there’s really nothing out there in targeted therapy today. As a result, triple negative—which also happens to be the most lethal form of [breast] cancer and the most aggressive type of [breast] cancer that results in the most recurrences—really doesn’t have a lot of good therapies.” He notes that while there are specific treatment options for triple-negative breast cancer, the treatment process is extremely challenging for those undergoing it. The hope with the vaccine, then, is to eliminate the need for this brutal treatment altogether by preventing the cancer from developing in the first place . Dr. Kumar collaborated with the Cleveland Clinic to develop the vaccine. He met Dr. Vincent Tuohy, the immunologist at the Cleveland Clinic who invented the technology behind the vaccine, and the two decided to commercialize and develop it for clinical use. Unfortunately, Dr. Tuohy passed away before seeing his vision come to fruition. The vaccine has since entered human testing and shows promise for the future. Dr. Kumar expresses deep gratitude for Dr. Tuohy’s work and the significant impact it could have on the future of breast cancer prevention . Jennifer Davis Jenni Davis , a registered nurse, was diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer at the age of 41. She underwent chemotherapy, radiation, and a double mastectomy. As a patient at the Cleveland Clinic, Jenni learned about the vaccine in development after finishing her treatment. Once it was available through the trial, her healthcare team advised her that she could be a good candidate for it. “I was so happy about it,” she says. Jenni was able to meet the trial criteria, and she received the first of three doses of the vaccine on October 19, 2021. The vaccine had been in research for over two decades at that point, Dr. Kumar notes, and Jenni was the first human to receive it . “I’m so very thankful to Anixa and Cleveland Clinic for coming together and rolling out this vaccine,” Jenni says. She is excited about the possibilities it holds for the future of breast cancer treatment and prevention. The vaccine is currently in early Phase 1 testing , and the initial data looks promising. If successful, this vaccine could be a game-changer in the fight against breast cancer . It has the potential to significantly reduce the risk of recurrence and improve overall survival rates for those diagnosed with breast cancer. Additionally, it could offer hope to individuals who have never had breast cancer by providing a preventive measure against the disease. The podcast episode underscores the importance of early detection and regular screenings for breast cancer. It also emphasizes the significance of research and innovation in finding new and effective treatments. The collaboration between Anixa Biosciences and the Cleveland Clinic is a testament to the power of partnerships in advancing medical breakthroughs. Listen to the episode: Good News for Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Vaccine and Hope for the Future More information: Cleveland Clinic: Is a Preventive Breast Cancer Vaccine in Our Future? Cleveland Clinic Launches First-Of-Its-Kind Preventive Breast Cancer Vaccine Study Anixa Biosciences: Cancer Vaccines ClinicalTrials.gov: Adjuvant Therapy With an Alpha-lactalbumin Vaccine in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

By Rafia Nasir Food plays a vital role in our health. For those diagnosed with breast cancer, choosing the right diet can significantly support overall well-being and aid in the recovery process . It’s crucial to understand that good dietary choices may help improve symptoms and impact your overall quality of life. Breast cancer is unique to each individual, and there are various subtypes of the disease . Treatment plans can also differ from case to case. For these reasons, there is no one-size-fits-all diet for everyone. Rather, you can work with your healthcare team to determine the right food choices for your situation. As an oncology pharmacist, I’m sharing steps to consider when making food choices during your experience with breast cancer. While this information will help you understand a general approach for your nutrition, it’s strongly recommended that you consult a registered dietitian with oncology expertise for personalized advice. Here are some suggestions for how to get started: 1. Understand Your Unique Diagnosis Determine your breast cancer subtype. Your subtype is typically included on pathology reports and other documents from your doctor. Confirm this by asking your doctor directly if you’re unsure. Breast cancer subtypes are different from one another and each subtype has unique dietary recommendations. Research the dietary guidelines relevant to your breast cancer subtype, and ask your dietician for their recommendations. 2. Consider Your Comorbidities If you have pre-existing health conditions like hypertension, diabetes, obesity, or any others, it can influence the food choices you make during your breast cancer experience. This is because these conditions can interact with your dietary needs and considerations. Make sure your oncologist is informed when you make significant dietary changes. Provide your dietitian with information about any other conditions when creating your customized meal plan. 3. Understand Your Treatment Plan Confirm your treatment plan with your oncology team: surgery, radiation, or medication-based approaches like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or hormonal treatment. Each treatment has dietary considerations and guidelines, indicating what’s suitable and what to avoid during treatment. It’s important to note that certain foods can have interactions with cancer medications, potentially affecting the medication’s effectiveness or exacerbating side effects. For example, you may have heard about grapefruit interacting with some medications. Or perhaps you’re wondering if you can safely enjoy small amounts of alcohol while you’re in treatment. Make sure to ask your oncology team, pharmacist, and dietician to confirm your understanding of any possible interactions. 4. Adapt for Your Side Effects Your cancer treatment may cause a range of side effects, which can differ from patient to patient. As a result, your diet might require modifications to help alleviate these side effects and provide relief. Your doctor may advise managing your side effects at home through dietary changes or over-the-counter medications, or they may advise you to seek medical attention from your care team. Remember that cancer is a complex experience, and you’ll need to seek assistance from various oncology specialists as you navigate treatment. Your healthcare team can provide you with the guidance needed to navigate through the complexities of cancer treatment, including specific diet and food recommendations. Coupled with advice from a registered dietician, this support can help you make good nutrition choices for your unique situation. Learn more: Metabolic Changes After a Breast Cancer Diagnosis Diet and Breast Cancer Newly Diagnosed Different Types of Breast Cancer Understanding Your Pathology Report 11 Tips to Manage Chemotherapy Side Effects On the Breast Cancer Conversations Podcast: What’s the Difference Between Diet and Nutrition? From the same author: 10 Common Myths About Cancer Navigating Cancer Treatment: Top Tips from an Oncology Pharmacist Unlocking the Power of Emotional Intelligence Author bio: Rafia Nasir holds a Pharm-D degree and has extensive clinical and oncology experience. She worked for four years as a clinical pharmacist in medical oncology at an ISO-certified military hospital in Pakistan. Her experience as a clinical pharmacist helps her understand cancer treatment and the importance of individualized care. She currently works as a medical writer covering cancer treatment and research. By leveraging her clinical experience, she is able to translate complex medical information into patient-friendly language to help patients better understand their disease and treatment options. Through her work, she aims to bridge the gap between medical expertise and patient understanding. With a strong focus on patient education, she is committed to helping patients and their caregivers tackle cancer treatment complexities with confidence and hope. SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Kiara Ford In recognition of Hispanic Heritage Month this September 15 to October 15, now is the time to reflect on how breast cancer affects the Hispanic community, and the unique challenges that are often left unaddressed for Hispanic people with breast cancer . It has been well established that the likelihood of a breast cancer diagnosis can be determined by one’s genetic background and is often linked to race. This presents challenges when attempting to study and understand how breast cancer specifically impacts the Hispanic community, as Hispanic people are not a homogeneous group and can be of any race . Historically, breast cancer research has failed to address this diversity within the Hispanic population. In fact, most research about breast cancer is based on studies of non-Hispanic white women. That being said, some broad generalizations can be surmised from studying the Hispanic population as a whole. Recent data show that Hispanic women are about 30% less likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer than non-Hispanic white women. Although this statistic sounds hopeful, it is also true that Hispanic women are more likely to be diagnosed younger , with more aggressive types of breast cancer, and are more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage . Although breast cancer may be less common among Hispanic women, they are 30% more likely to die from their breast cancer than non-Hispanic white women, with breast cancer being the leading cause of cancer deaths among Hispanic women. Screening Accessibility Part of the issue, particularly as it pertains to timely diagnoses, is caused by a lack of access to mammograms . Regular mammograms are essential to catch cancer early, but a 2019 study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that only 64% of Hispanic women over age 40 had had a mammogram within the past two years . This low figure is linked to a number of social factors, one of the biggest being the inability to make it to an appointment. Although mammograms are quick screenings, they can often only be scheduled during typical business hours, when women might have to miss work and potentially lose a paycheck in order to get them. They might also have to arrange childcare – another financial burden – and organize transportation to these appointments. These disruptions in work and family obligations create a financial barrier to mammogram access for Hispanic women , yet the consequences of missing a mammogram can be costlier. Access to screenings is just one example of how social determinants of health impact Hispanic people seeking cancer care. Another such example is diet and nutrition. Maintaining a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help lower an individual’s risk of developing breast cancer. Systemic lack of access to healthy food options is believed to be a compounding factor in breast cancer rates among Hispanic women. Language Barriers Language access presents yet another challenge. In the United States, much information about breast cancer is written in English only, so a patient whose primary language is Spanish may find a lack of resources and cultural competency within their treatment. It should be noted, however, that Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 includes provisions for limited English proficient (LEP) individuals receiving healthcare services and information so that they receive information and communications from their providers in a language they understand. This includes a requirement for professional healthcare interpreters to be provided at medical appointments when requested . Written materials must also be professionally translated and provided to patients. Health Insurance Disparities Finally, there is the issue of insurance. The U.S. Census Bureau has found that Hispanic people have among the highest uninsured rates in the nation. A lack of insurance makes it far more challenging to access preventative care and catch cancer early. These are just a few examples of the numerous factors shaping the health of Hispanic people, which are not currently adequately addressed. The solution to these issues will be complex, but one of the first steps is raising awareness. Understanding that Hispanic women face a unique set of obstacles in receiving cancer screening, information, treatment, and insurance coverage is necessary to ensure equity in healthcare and beyond. SurvivingBreastCancer.org Spanish Language Resources & Support: Meetups in Spanish: Después de un Diagnóstico All SBC Programs in Spanish Después de un Diagnóstico podcast Después de un Diagnóstico blog Después de un Diagnóstico One-Year Anniversary Celebration A bout the Author: Kiara Ford is a recent graduate of Emerson College, where she majored in communication studies and minored in health and society. She is currently a community health worker trainee with the non-profit organization Asian Women for Health. She is passionate about patient advocacy and health equity, and hopes to raise awareness and increase understanding of patients’ rights through her work.

Breast cancer isn’t just a physical condition. For many, it’s an emotional and psychological experience that can profoundly affect their mental health and the lives of their family and friends. Understanding the common psychological reactions and implementing positive coping strategies can help those with breast cancer better manage their mental health during treatment and recovery. Continue reading to delve into the mental and emotional repercussions of breast cancer and viable strategies to cope. Common Psychological Effects of Breast Cancer Shock and Denial The initial news of a breast cancer diagnosis often leads to feelings of shock, disbelief, and denial. It’s not uncommon to have difficulty absorbing or accepting the reality of the diagnosis at first. It’s a natural defense mechanism, but over time, accepting the reality of the situation is crucial for treatment and emotional healing. Fear and Anxiety As the reality sets in, breast cancer patients frequently struggle with intense fear and anxiety. The uncertainty surrounding diagnosis and prognosis — pain, side effects, the fear of the cancer metastasizing, and the possibility of recurrence — can foster anxiety. Anger Some breast cancer patients experience feelings of anger at their diagnosis. Anger can arise from the seeming randomness or unfairness of a cancer diagnosis. You may direct anger at your doctors or loved ones. A professional therapist can help you express your anger in healthy ways to avoid directing it inward. Sadness and Depression Breast cancer patients are at an increased risk of experiencing sadness and depression compared to the general population. Causes include hormonal factors from cancer treatments, stress, grief over the potential alterations in body image and lifestyle, and the trauma of the diagnosis. Social Isolation Another consequence many people with breast cancer face is social isolation due to withdrawal from their social circles, which may be caused by physical discomfort or medical vulnerability, like being immunocompromised. Some patients avoid social activities and interaction during treatment. Finding social support is essential to counter these feelings. Cognitive Dysfunction Known as “ chemo brain ,” some patients experience memory problems or trouble concentrating during or after chemotherapy. This phenomenon can be extremely frustrating, particularly if someone has never experienced memory problems. Healthy Coping Strategies Positive coping techniques, as you face breast cancer, can help you manage the range of psychological impacts and improve your mental health. Consider the following helpful strategies: Develop a Strong Support Network Building a robust support network, including friends, family, and support groups, can provide a buffer against social isolation. Support groups offer a safe space where you can share your experiences and gain insights from others who have faced similar challenges. SurvivingBreastCancer.org has several peer-to-peer online meetups , including all stages and types of breast cancer, metastatic breast cancer (MBC), inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), and a Spanish-language meetup. Engage in Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques Practicing mindfulness and relaxation techniques, like meditation and yoga , can be instrumental in reducing anxiety and depression. These strategies promote a sense of calm and help individuals remain grounded during turbulent times. Stay Informed Understanding the disease and your treatment options can provide a sense of control. Always consult with your healthcare professional for personalized advice. Don’t hesitate to ask questions when you don’t understand something or want more information. Exercise Regularly Exercise has numerous benefits for cancer survivors , including improving physical function, reducing fatigue, and reducing the risk of cancer recurrence. First, talk with your care team before starting a fitness routine. Then, if you feel up to exercising and your team approves, you can work out during treatment. Begin with slow movement — walking, yoga, or stretching — and listen to your body to set the pace. Communicate With Loved Ones Sharing fears, concerns, and hopes with friends and family can provide emotional relief and strengthen bonds during challenging times. Friends and family who share a history and emotional bond with you can provide support grounded in empathy, familiarity, and deep-seated understanding, fostering a sense of solidarity and alleviating isolation. While having the support of loved ones is always valuable, sometimes a therapist, professionally trained to guide you through traumatic experiences, can provide structured and objective support to help you navigate complex emotions and develop coping strategies. Striking a balance between both avenues of support can create a harmonized support system, integrating the professional insights from therapy with the comforting embrace of family and friends. Seek Professional Help Seeking the assistance of mental health professionals can be a pivotal step in managing the psychological repercussions of breast cancer. Psycho-oncology , a field at the intersection of psychiatry and oncology, is dedicated to addressing these issues. You may find it helpful to meet with a therapist or counselor specializing in oncology. Also consider mental health professionals and support groups for other specific challenges, including struggles with body image or changes to your professional life. Accept Change and Live in the Present Dealing with breast cancer can bring a wave of negative emotions and fear. It’s important to recognize these feelings rather than suppressing them. Allow yourself time to process your emotions. Accept that your feelings and reactions are valid and give yourself permission to feel them. Although adjusting your expectations and focusing on the positives can help you feel more hopeful, it may be challenging to remain consistently positive. Dwelling on the future causes unnecessary worry. Focusing on each day can help you get through treatment. Maintain Hobbies Continuing enjoyable activities provides a sense of normalcy and distraction from cancer. SurvivingBreastCancer.org offers 100% free online activities , including writing workshops, art therapy, poetry readings, forest bathing, a book club, and more. Count On Us for Information, Resources, and Support The psychological impact of a breast cancer diagnosis can be as significant as the physical challenges. Recognizing the emotional effects and adopting strategies for coping is essential for comprehensive healing and wellness. Whether you’re newly diagnosed with breast cancer , are navigating survivorship, or are the loved one of someone experiencing breast cancer, you can count on SurvivingBreastCancer.org to keep you informed. We provide educational information to help you better understand symptoms , testing, treatment options , surgery, etc., and podcasts that feature professionals, advocates, and caregivers who share valuable information. Your donations enable SurvivingBreastCancer.org to offer resources and support every day, every month, and every year. Note: This article is designed to provide general information and is not meant to replace professional medical advice. Always discuss your options with your healthcare provider. Learn more: Newly Diagnosed Unlocking the Power of Emotional Intelligence: Taking Control of Your Cancer Experience Treatment Tips and Questions to Ask Your Medical Oncology Team New Meanings, Shifting Priorities Reconnect With Your Inner Strengths On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations How to Get a Grip: Coping Strategies for Complicated Times with Dr. David Bullis SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Kiara Ford Among the many different types of breast cancer, one of the least discussed and least understood is inflammatory breast cancer, or IBC . This is primarily because of its rarity; IBC only affects 1 to 5% of all breast cancer patients. For those affected, however, IBC can be difficult to diagnose, treat, and recover from. For all of these reasons, it is important to be aware of the symptoms and treatment options of this less common subtype of breast cancer . Continue reading to learn how inflammatory breast cancer is different from other breast cancer subtypes, as well as how IBC is diagnosed and treated. What is Inflammatory Breast Cancer? Like the majority of breast cancers, inflammatory breast cancer is usually an invasive ductal carcinoma . This means the disease is the result of cancer cells developing from the cells that line the milk duct of the breast, and subsequently spreading to cells beyond the duct. That said, the symptoms and treatment of IBC are different from other types of breast cancer . How is Inflammatory Breast Cancer Different from Other Subtypes of Breast Cancer? The key difference in presentation of inflammatory breast cancer is the lack of a lump within the breast, and the rapid onset of symptoms, including swelling and redness of the entire breast . This inflammation is caused by cancer cells obstructing the lymphatic vessels of the skin on the breast. This same inflammation is a sign that the cancer has spread into nearby tissue and potentially nearby lymph nodes. Because of this presentation within the skin, by the time IBC has developed enough to be noticed and diagnosed, it is considered locally advanced and at least stage III . This development often happens rapidly, in a matter of months or even weeks . In a third of IBC cases , at the time of diagnosis, the cancer has already metastasized to other parts of the body. Who is At Risk for Inflammatory Breast Cancer? Certain populations may be more at risk for inflammatory breast cancer than others. IBC is unlike other breast cancers in that it is more likely to develop in younger people; many are under the age of 40. It primarily affects women and people assigned female at birth, although all genders can develop IBC . One risk factor is being categorized as overweight or obese on the body mass index (BMI) scale , and recent studies suggest it is more common among people of color. What are the Signs and Symptoms of Inflammatory Breast Cancer? Signs and symptoms of IBC are easy to mistake for breast infections, so it is important to recognize and discuss them with a doctor as soon as they emerge . They include, but are not limited to, swelling, discoloration, pain, and itching of the breast. Other skin changes that may occur within days are inverted nipples and thickness and pitting of the skin, which gives the appearance of an orange peel in texture . Swollen lymph nodes under the arm can also be a sign that IBC has spread beyond the breast. If any of these symptoms present, it is important to address them quickly and receive a diagnosis as quickly as possible. How is Inflammatory Breast Cancer Diagnosed and Treated? Diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer typically consists of physical examination, imaging, and biopsy . Once an IBC diagnosis has been officially confirmed , the results of the biopsy can help determine the right course of treatment . People whose cancer cells have hormone receptors may benefit from hormone therapy drugs, whereas people whose cells contain an abundance of the HER2 protein may react better to medication that specifically targets HER2. Beyond targeted drugs, other treatment options may include chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation, depending on the nature of the cancer. Due to how uncommon inflammatory breast cancer is, it can often be forgotten in conversations about breast cancer. This information must be communicated and understood in order to help people know what to look for and to seek medical consultation as soon as possible . Learn More: Attend Our IBC Monthly Meetup Join Our Private IBC Group Newly Diagnosed Treatment Tips and Questions to Ask Your Medical Oncology Team Breast Cancer Risk Factors Breast Cancer Symptoms Different Types of Breast Cancer On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations A 23-Year Look at Inflammatory Breast Cancer with Ginny Mason (Part I) What is the Inflammatory Breast Cancer Scoring Scale? Featuring Ginny Mason (Part II) A bout the Author: Kiara Ford is a recent graduate of Emerson College, where she majored in communication studies and minored in health and society. She is currently a community health worker trainee with the non-profit organization Asian Women for Health. She is passionate about patient advocacy and health equity, and hopes to raise awareness and increase understanding of patients’ rights through her work. From the Same Author: Breast Cancer and Healthcare Access Within the Hispanic Community