By Rafia Nasir Cancer is a complicated experience, and it can take a significant toll on your mental well-being. Managing your emotions throughout your cancer journey is key to staying positive and focused on your recovery. That’s where emotional intelligence comes in. The concept of emotional intelligence entails recognizing how you feel, understanding why you feel that way, and learning how to deal with those emotions effectively. Additionally, it involves being attuned to the feelings of others and responding to them with compassion and understanding. How exactly does emotional intelligence help you at various points of your cancer experience? And how can you develop your own emotional intelligence? Read on to find out. How Emotional Intelligence Can Help You Coping with Your Diagnosis Receiving a cancer diagnosis can stir up various emotions like shock, fear, anxiety, sadness, anger, uncertainty, and isolation. By cultivating emotional intelligence, you can enhance your emotional stability, eventually enabling you to make informed choices about your treatment options and expected outcomes. Managing Treatment Emotional intelligence helps you navigate treatment-related side effects and make informed healthcare choices. It enables you to recognize the emotional impact of side effects and also helps you take proactive steps to practice self-care effectively. Embracing Survivorship Emotional intelligence can help you navigate the emotional challenges of being a cancer survivor, such as fear of recurrence and uncertainty about the future. It enables you to recognize and acknowledge your emotions, explore the underlying causes, and develop healthy strategies to cope with them. How to Become Emotionally Intelligent Throughout Your Cancer Experience Now that you’ve seen a few examples of how emotional intelligence can help you during your experience with cancer treatment and beyond, you may be wondering how to cultivate emotional intelligence yourself. Here are a few strategies that can help you build emotional intelligence to support you through cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. Learn to Recognize and Acknowledge Your Emotions Pay attention to your emotions, and learn to recognize and label them accurately. Practice mindfulness exercises, such as focused breathing or body scan meditation, to observe your emotions without judgment. For example, you can take a few minutes each day to focus on your breath, noticing each inhale and exhale. When difficult emotions arise, try deep breathing or engaging in positive self-talk to experience your emotions in a non-harmful way. SurvivingBreastCancer.org offers an on-demand meditation video library , as well as virtual meditation and mindfulness programs . Educate Yourself About Cancer By connecting with healthcare professionals, actively listening, and asking relevant questions to enhance your understanding of your condition and treatment, you engage in a process that cultivates emotional intelligence. Being well-informed enables you to anticipate potential challenges, prepare yourself emotionally, and develop effective coping strategies. Practice Self-Care Take care of yourself physically and emotionally by getting enough sleep, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly. Consider incorporating meditation or yoga into your routine to manage stress and anxiety. Engaging in enjoyable hobbies and activities can boost your mood and help you feel more emotionally resilient. Cultivate Patience and Empathy Learn to truly listen and understand the perspectives of other people, as well as situations outside of your control. For instance, rather than getting frustrated over delays in test results or appointments, try to understand the reasons behind them, such as your case being complicated or your doctor having an increased patient load. By showing patience, you will be able to cultivate a productive relationship with your healthcare provider, enhance communication, and decrease feelings of isolation. Build Positive Relationships Surround yourself with people who encourage and support you and avoid negative or draining relationships. Consider attending support group meetings. SurvivingBreastCancer.org hosts weekly peer-to-peer meetups open to anyone diagnosed with breast cancer, in addition to meetups specifically for the metastatic (MBC) and inflammatory (IBC) breast cancer communities. Set Goals and Find Purpose in Life Having a purpose can give you a reason to keep going and stay motivated, even during difficult times such as cancer. For example, you may consider volunteering in your community, fundraising for a charity, participating in awareness programs, planting a tree or garden, or knitting blankets for a local shelter. Having a purpose can give you a sense of hope and help you focus on something positive. It can also be an effective way to meet new people and build meaningful relationships. Identifying Triggers of Difficult Emotions As we discussed earlier, your cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship come with many emotional challenges. You can cope with them by identifying the people, situations, or thoughts that trigger your difficult emotions. You can help yourself by stopping believing myths and misconceptions about cancer, avoiding negative self-talk , and connecting with positive people. Emotional intelligence is a powerful tool that you can use throughout your experience with cancer treatment and beyond. With emotional intelligence, you can practice managing your emotions, making informed treatment choices, navigating survivorship challenges, and fostering positive relationships. Ultimately, cultivating emotional intelligence and building these practices can help you improve your emotional well-being and resilience. Learn more: SBC Meditation Library Putting Yourself First New Meanings and Shifting Priorities Breast Cancer and Mental Health Tips for Managing Mood Swings and Breast Cancer From the same author: Navigating Cancer Treatment: Top Tips from an Oncology Pharmacist Author bio: Rafia Nasir holds a Pharm-D degree and has extensive clinical and oncology experience. She worked for four years as a clinical pharmacist in medical oncology at an ISO-certified military hospital in Pakistan. Her experience as a clinical pharmacist helps her understand cancer treatment and the importance of individualized care. She currently works as a medical writer covering cancer treatment and research. By leveraging her clinical experience, she is able to translate complex medical information into patient-friendly language to help patients better understand their disease and treatment options. Through her work, she aims to bridge the gap between medical expertise and patient understanding. With a strong focus on patient education, she is committed to helping patients and their caregivers tackle cancer treatment complexities with confidence and hope. SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

Breast cancer is a serious, life-altering disease affecting thousands yearly. When someone close to you receives a diagnosis, you may be unsure of what to say or how to act. Navigating the path of empathy, understanding, and support can be challenging. You don’t want to avoid speaking with your loved one about their experience, yet you don’t want to say or do the wrong thing. Continue reading to learn about breast cancer etiquette and suggestions on handling these complex interactions. Understanding the Basics of Breast Cancer Before considering etiquette, it’s crucial to educate yourself about the diagnosis and treatment options. This will help you better understand your loved one’s experience and communicate with them more effectively. Breast cancer is a complex disease that originates in the breast tissue. It can develop in people of any gender, although it’s far more common in women . According to the American Cancer Society, it’s the most common cancer among women after skin cancer . It can manifest in different forms , including hormone receptor-positive, hormone receptor-negative, inflammatory, lobular, ductal, and more. Breast cancer stages range from ductal carcinoma in situ (stage zero, considered non-invasive) to metastatic (stage IV) . While the exact cause of breast cancer is unknown, there are well-established risk factors, including age, genetic mutations, dense breast tissue, and personal or family history of breast or ovarian cancer. A breast cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming, sparking a wave of emotions from fear and anxiety to depression and anger. Recognizing this emotional turmoil is the first step toward empathetic communication. Empathy is Key: What to Say When someone you love is diagnosed with breast cancer, you may be at a loss for words. Remember that practicing true empathy is vital. You can express your care and concern with statements like the following: “I’m here for you,” affirms your support and willingness to stand by their side. “It’s okay to be scared. Let’s face this together,” acknowledges their fear and validates their feelings. “You’re not alone. I’m with you,” reassures them of your presence and support. Avoid giving unsolicited advice, making light of their condition, or sharing stories about other people’s experiences with breast cancer. Each person’s experience is unique, and what worked for one person might not work for another. Open Lines of Communication: What to Ask Open and honest conversations are essential. When a loved one is diagnosed with breast cancer, one of the best things you can do is offer your support. Here are some questions you can ask to promote a discussion: “How are you feeling today?” shows that you genuinely care about their well-being. “What chores or errands can I take off your plate?” allows them to express their needs. “Would you like to talk about it?” shows your willingness to listen, which can be incredibly therapeutic. Offering Support: Actions Speak Louder Your actions can demonstrate your support and help ease your loved one’s situation. Offer Practical Help: Accompany them to appointments, help with chores, or provide meals. Encourage Self-Care: Encourage them to engage in enjoyable activities that promote relaxation. Stay Informed: Learn all you can about the treatment process to provide better support. Each person’s needs are different, so adapt your support accordingly. Don’t Minimize Their Experience While it’s natural to want to ease a loved one’s pain, it’s important not to minimize their experience or feelings. For example, avoid saying things like, “At least it’s not worse” or “You’ll be fine.” Although these comments are well-intentioned, they can invalidate your loved one’s feelings. Be Mindful of Your Language When discussing breast cancer, be aware of the language you use. For example, avoid phrases that could be perceived as blame or judgment, like “You should have…” or “If only you had…” Also, refrain from using war metaphors like “fight” or “battle” unless your loved one uses them. Count On Us for Information, Resources, and Support These tips will help you show compassion, understanding, and respect. Practicing good cancer etiquette ensures your loved one feels heard, understood, and supported. It’s about being there for them in words and actions and helping them navigate this challenging path. If you have any questions about these tips, please contact us — we’re here for you! Whether you’re newly diagnosed with breast cancer , are navigating survivorship, or are the loved one of someone experiencing breast cancer, you can count on SurvivingBreastCancer.org to keep you informed. We provide educational information to help you better understand symptoms , testing, treatment options , surgery, etc., and podcasts that feature professionals, advocates, and caregivers who share valuable information. Your donations enable SurvivingBreastCancer.org to offer resources and support every day, every month, and every year. SBC is here for you! Learn more: Different Types of Breast Cancer Newly Diagnosed How to Be Helpful When a Loved One is Sick Caregiving Cancer Caregivers: Contending with Change SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Laura Carfang Receiving a breast cancer diagnosis can be an overwhelming experience that is followed by an array of emotions and challenges. Adjusting to the diagnosis and treatment can be challenging enough without the added pressure of feeling that one needs to meet the expectations of others. Many people may expect you to return to normal after your breast cancer diagnosis, but the truth is, the journey to recovery is unique for everyone. People often expect you to return to your "normal" life following treatment and find it challenging to comprehend the emotional and physical toll breast cancer can have on a person. This can add an additional layer of burden and frustration to an already difficult experience. In this blog post, we’ll explore the realities and challenges of life after a breast cancer diagnosis and provide insights and recommendations for coping with the aftermath. We will also address why it’s essential to manage expectations when it comes to breast cancer treatment, acknowledge the challenges of survivorship, and offer some practical tips to help you cope with external expectations while focusing on your health. Challenges No One Wants to Talk About: Dealing With the Fear of Recurrence Following successful cancer treatment, the fear of breast cancer recurrence can feel overwhelming. After weekly chemo infusions or daily visits for radiation, all of a sudden, your doctor says they will see you in 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, etc. I remember that my friends and family thought that this was the best news ever, that I could return to my full-time job, and that we could "finally move on". What wasn't mentioned was the turmoil I was feeling. If I weren't meeting with my oncologist on a weekly basis, who was going to watch over me? The first year was the worst. Every little thing triggered the thought of breast cancer recurrence; a sneeze, a cough, or a headache led me to believe my cancer had returned. After frantically scheduling an appointment with my primary, we concluded it was just allergies. It is common that many people who have completed active treatment for early-stage breast cancer (post-treatment) report feeling anxious, depressed, and uncertain about their future health. It's important to recognize that these feelings are normal and valid. To manage the fear of recurrence, it's essential to engage in activities that promote peace of mind and relaxation, such as yoga, meditation, or spending time with loved ones. Joining a support group with other breast cancer survivors can also be helpful in sharing experiences and providing emotional support (all of which are available through Survivingbreastcancer.org ). Coping with Lingering Physical Symptoms of Cancer Treatment It's important to note that the breast cancer treatment process is unlike any other medical condition. Breast cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery can cause long-lasting physical symptoms such as fatigue, lymphedema, and pain or discomfort. It can be challenging to explain these symptoms to others, as you may appear outwardly healthy, and these symptoms are invisible. It's important to communicate with loved ones and healthcare providers about these symptoms to ensure adequate support and treatment. Engaging in physical therapy, massage, or alternative therapies such as acupuncture, and staying active can also help alleviate persistent physical symptoms from cancer treatment. People around you may not understand what you're going through and the challenges you face daily, which can lead to unreasonable expectations. While they may have good intentions, it can feel like they’re trivializing your experience when they expect you to act like everything is okay just because you look okay physically. Therefore, it’s paramount to communicate your experiences and what you need from others. Consider opening up and honestly talking to family, friends, and even work colleagues and your manager, about what you are facing and how you feel. Another way to cope with expectations is to set boundaries. For example, I found the transition back to work incredibly challenging. Going from a 12-week medical leave and jumping right back into 40 hours a week did not work for me. I was emotional, I was dealing with brain fog, and some of the pettiness of day-to-day life just didn't seem that important to me anymore after a cancer diagnosis. I was fortunate to be able to work with HR and my direct manager to ease back into work, manage my workload, and, luckily, work back up to full-time hours when I was able. Setting reasonable expectations can help you feel less overwhelmed and more in control. Navigating Relationships After Breast Cancer Maintaining relationships can prove to be a challenge after a breast cancer diagnosis. People may treat you differently, including overly-generous gestures or avoidance, leaving some feeling isolated and rejected. Taking the initiative to reach out to friends and family, setting boundaries, and explaining one's needs can help manage these challenging relationships. Joining a breast cancer survivors group can also provide a sense of community and support. Moreover, taking care of yourself is also essential, and this includes paying attention to what you eat, exercising, and getting enough sleep. Doing things that make you happy can also offer a great release and help you relax. Consider meditation, reading books, or taking up a new hobby to help you take your mind off the cancer-related stressors. Lastly, try to be gentle with yourself - it is okay not to be at the top of your game all the time. Every day may not be the same, and that’s just fine. Be patient with yourself In conclusion, receiving a breast cancer diagnosis is a challenging and often isolating experience. It's essential to recognize that the journey of a breast cancer survivor continues long after treatment. It's crucial to take care of yourself physically, emotionally, and financially, and to seek support from loved ones and medical professionals. Remember to be both patient and kind to yourself, focus on the things you enjoy, and celebrate small victories. No one has a perfect life, but you can make the best of what you have. Remember, you're not alone in this experience.

By Kelly Hsu Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) refers to when cells in the breast duct become cancer cells. This is also known as “stage zero” breast cancer . DCIS is a very early stage of cancer, and as a result, it is considered to be highly treatable. It is also non-invasive, as the cancerous cells have not spread to other tissue areas in the body. DCIS does not usually present with noticeable symptoms . Though uncommon, some patients have reported experiencing discharge from the nipples or feeling a lump in the breast. Detection and diagnosis have increased since the increased implementation of routine mammogram screenings. Today, DCIS accounts for between 20 and 25% of breast cancer diagnoses [1]. DCIS and Risk DCIS itself is not life-threatening, but the main concern is that if left untreated, it could progress into invasive breast cancer , meaning stage 1 or higher invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) . Individuals with DCIS have a higher-than-average risk of developing IDC, but there is not enough information to accurately predict which cases will progress and which will not. To this day, it is controversial among researchers about whether to consider DCIS as a “real” cancer and recommend treatment, versus recommending less-invasive measures such as active surveillance. However, there is agreement that more research on biomarkers (specific molecules or characteristics in the body that can help give more specific information about a disease) is necessary in order to differentiate risk across cases and make more specific recommendations tailored to each individual patient [2, 3]. Evaluation and Treatment Currently, almost all patients diagnosed with DCIS are treated [3]. There are a variety of treatment options for those with a DCIS diagnosis [4, 5, 6]. Surgery Breast-conserving surgery (BCS), or a lumpectomy, involves removing the local region of affected cells. This is often followed by radiation therapy (RT). Breast-removing surgery, or a mastectomy, involves surgically removing all breast tissue. This may be followed by breast reconstruction surgery , and does not usually involve any RT. Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy (RT) will often follow BCS as an adjuvant treatment, with the purpose of killing any remaining cells and reducing the recurrence rate. Hormone Therapy If the DCIS shows estrogen or progesterone receptors, hormone therapy could be recommended as a treatment option. Examples of hormone therapies include tamoxifen (which blocks estrogen receptors) and aromatase inhibitors (which lower estrogen levels for postmenopausal women). This treatment would not be given alone, but rather as an adjuvant treatment after a surgery. DCIS Treatment Risks Surgery and other therapies can be very effective, but are also invasive and do not come without risks. There are a multitude of active surveillance research trials, where researchers are evaluating whether there is a change in outcomes between those who receive medical treatment upfront for DCIS, versus those who do not, and instead, regularly check in with their clinical team for routine examinations and imaging. The results of these studies may help clinicians better understand if it is possible for certain patients with DCIS to avoid surgery [5]. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with DCIS, be sure to speak to your healthcare provider to see what options are available, as well as the pros and cons of these different options. Results currently show that with a timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan, survival outcomes for DCIS are very high, with a 10-year breast cancer-specific survival rate of about 98% [7]. Treatment routes can also be very specifically tailored to each individual based on important and unique factors such as their disease type, overall health status, age, and personal preferences. Together, your healthcare team can help you figure out what management option is the best fit for you. Learn More: Diagnosed with DCIS After a Mammogram Find Your Tribe May Your Smile Always Be Brighter Than Any Obstacle You Face A Call For Self-Advocacy References: Tomlinson-Hansen, S., Khan, M., & Cassaro, S. (2023). Breast Ductal Carcinoma in Situ. In StatPearls . StatPearls Publishing. American Association for Cancer Research. (2023, January 4). Research updates . Leading Discoveries Magazine. https://leadingdiscoveries.aacr.org/research-updates-9/ Schmitz, R. S. J. M., Wilthagen, E. A., van Duijnhoven, F., van Oirsouw, M., Verschuur, E., Lynch, T., Punglia, R. S., Hwang, E. S., Wesseling, J., Schmidt, M. K., Bleiker, E. M. A., Engelhardt, E. G., & Grand Challenge Precision Consortium (2022). Prediction Models and Decision Aids for Women with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: A Systematic Literature Review. Cancers , 14 (13), 3259. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2022, May 18). Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) . Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dcis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371895 Grimm, L. J., Rahbar, H., Abdelmalak, M., Hall, A. H., & Ryser, M. D. (2021). Ductal carcinoma in situ: State-of-the-art review. Radiology , 302 (2), 246–255. Van Seijen, M., Lips, E. H., Thompson, A. M., Nik-Zainal, S., Futreal, A., Hwang, E. S., Verschuur, E., Lane, J., Jonkers, J., Rea, D. W., Wesseling, J., & PRECISION team (2019). Ductal carcinoma in situ: to treat or not to treat, that is the question. British journal of cancer , 121 (4), 285–292. Elshof, L. E., Schmidt, M. K., Rutgers, E. J. T., van Leeuwen, F. E., Wesseling, J., & Schaapveld, M. (2018). Cause-specific Mortality in a Population-based Cohort of 9799 Women Treated for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ. Annals of surgery , 267 (5), 952–958. Author bio: Kelly Hsu I am a recent graduate of Wellesley College (Class of ‘21), where I studied neuroscience. I am currently working as a Clinical Research Coordinator at the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center on several patient-centered outcomes research studies. Through my experiences, I have developed passions for health education, psychosocial oncology, and palliative care. I plan to attend medical school next fall, where I hope to keep pursuing these interests. SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

If you’ve had surgery or a biopsy, the biological sample from your procedure will be sent to a pathologist working in a laboratory. The pathologist will study your sample and create a pathology report providing important information about what was found in your sample. Your pathology report will be reviewed carefully by your oncology team, and you should discuss it with your doctors to ensure you understand your specific situation. Before you receive or review your pathology report, however, you may be looking for more information about what exactly this report is and what you can expect it to contain. You may feel some anxiety waiting for your pathology report, and deciphering the medical jargon and dense information can be daunting. Continue reading to understand the process and your pathology report in a simple, step-by-step format. What is a Pathology Report? A pathology report is a document that contains the findings of a pathologist who has examined a patient’s biological samples under a microscope. The samples are usually obtained through biopsy, surgery, or a medical examination and can include findings from body tissues, fluids, or cells. Your pathology report provides valuable insight into the nature of your disease. It includes detailed information about the type, grade, and extent of your cancer, as well as the margins of the removed tissue. Pathologists play a critical role in diagnosing diseases like cancer, and their reports guide physicians in determining the appropriate course of treatment. Why Understanding Your Pathology Report Matters Understanding your pathology report empowers you to participate actively in your healthcare decisions with your oncology team. It helps you grasp the severity and nature of your condition and set expectations for your treatment. For more insights on why understanding your pathology report is crucial, refer to the resources provided by The American Cancer Society. Understanding the Structure of Your Pathology Report A pathology report usually contains the following sections: Patient Information: Your name, patient ID, date of birth, and the name of the physician who requested the test. Specimen Information: The type and location of the sample, how and when the pathology received it, and who provided it. It may include information about the margins — the edges of tissue that were removed during the biopsy or surgery. Since the goal of surgery is to remove all of the cancerous tissue, it’s vital to ensure that the margins are clear or negative (meaning that no cancer cells are detected on the edges). If any lymph nodes were removed during the procedure, the pathology report will also state whether cancer cells were found in them. Gross Description: What the pathologist observed with the naked eye, including the color, size, and weight of the sample. Microscopic Description: A description of what the pathologist observed under the microscope, including cell structures and abnormalities. Diagnosis: The pathologist’s interpretation of the findings and the final diagnosis. Reading Your Pathology Report Now that you know what a pathology report includes, here’s a guide to understanding your report: Verify Patient Information: Ensure that the patient's details are correct. Mistakes, although rare, can happen. Understand the Specimen: Knowing what type of specimen was taken and where it was taken from can give context to the report. Gross Description: While this section can be technical, look for descriptors of size, shape and color, which can give you an idea of the sample’s normality. Microscopic Description: This section might be complex, containing detailed observations of cellular structures. Look for terms like benign, malignant, normal, abnormal, etc., to get a sense of what was found. Interpret the Diagnosis: Again, the final diagnosis, as stated by the pathologist, might be technical and challenging to understand. You can use reliable medical dictionaries like MedlinePlus to understand them. Remember, it’s essential to discuss these findings with your healthcare provider to fully understand your condition and to determine the next steps in your care. Count On Us for Information, Resources, and Support Understanding your pathology report is a critical step in managing your health. The knowledge contained in your report can help you better understand your diagnosis. This will empower you to navigate and make informed decisions about your treatment. Consult with your healthcare provider for clarifications and concerns. Please contact us if you have questions about speaking with your doctor regarding your pathology report! Whether you’re newly diagnosed with breast cancer , are navigating survivorship, or are the loved one of someone experiencing breast cancer, you can count on SurvivingBreastCancer.org to keep you informed. We provide educational information to help you better understand symptoms , testing, treatment options , surgery, etc., and podcasts that feature professionals, advocates, and caregivers who share valuable information. Your donations enable SurvivingBreastCancer.org to offer resources and support every day, every month, and every year. SBC is here for you! Learn more: What is Breast Cancer? Breast Cancer Symptoms Newly Diagnosed. Now What? Note: This article is designed to provide general information and not meant to replace professional medical advice. Always discuss your pathology reports with your healthcare provider. SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

Breast cancer recurrence is the return of cancer after treatment, and it is a concern for many breast cancer survivors. High-risk patients, who have a higher chance of recurrence, require more proactive management strategies to address this concern. What Makes Someone High-Risk for Breast Cancer Recurrence? While it is not always black or white, here are some of the general factors that may increase one’s risk for breast cancer recurrence: Advanced stage at diagnosis: The stage of breast cancer at diagnosis is one of the most important factors that determine the risk of recurrence. Patients with advanced-stage cancer, such as stage III or IV, have a higher risk of recurrence. Younger age at diagnosis: Women who are diagnosed with breast cancer at a younger age , especially before menopause, have a higher risk of recurrence. Hormone receptor status: Breast cancers that are estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) negative have a higher risk of recurrence. HER2 status: HER2-positive breast cancers have a higher risk of recurrence. Lymph node involvement: Breast cancers that have spread to the lymph nodes have a higher risk of recurrence. Tumor size: Larger tumors have a higher risk of recurrence. Disease remaining after treatment: If there are traces of cancer remaining in your body after surgery and/or other treatment like chemotherapy (called “molecular residual disease”), there is an increased risk of the cancer coming back. Previous history of breast cancer: Patients who have had breast cancer in the past have a higher risk of recurrence. It is important to note that while these factors increase the risk of recurrence, they do not necessarily mean that a patient will experience a recurrence. It is essential to discuss with your healthcare provider about your specific risk factors and create an individualized plan for surveillance and management. What Proactive Steps Can You Take Now? Below are some proactive ways to address breast cancer recurrence if you are a high-risk patient: Adjuvant therapy: Adjuvant therapy includes chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy, which are given after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells. High-risk patients are typically recommended to receive adjuvant therapy to lower the risk of recurrence. Lifestyle changes: Patients can lower their risk of recurrence by adopting a healthy lifestyle, which includes regular exercise , a balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding alcohol and smoking. Regular follow-up care: Patients should have regular follow-up care with their healthcare provider to monitor for signs of recurrence. Follow-up care may include regular physical exams, mammograms, blood and other imaging tests as needed. There are also new tests that look for traces of cancer in the blood called circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) that can provide an early alert that your breast cancer may be coming back. Talk to your doctor about whether this testing may be helpful for you. Genetic counseling and testing: High-risk patients may benefit from genetic counseling and testing to determine if they have an inherited genetic mutation that increases their risk of breast cancer. If they do, they can take steps to reduce their risk, such as prophylactic surgery or increased surveillance. Clinical trials: High-risk patients may be eligible to participate in clinical trials for new treatments or interventions that may reduce their risk of recurrence. In summary, addressing breast cancer recurrence in high-risk patients involves a combination of adjuvant therapy, lifestyle changes, regular follow-up care, genetic counseling, and testing. You are your own best advocate! Don’t be afraid to ask questions and speak with your healthcare provider about your breast cancer and if you are at a higher risk of breast cancer recurrence. Being proactive is key! Learn more: Breast Cancer Recurrence: Second Primary versus Metastasis Reducing the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) with Breast Cancer Genetic Testing for Cancer: What You Need to Know Exercise and Breast Cancer You Might Also Like: Breast Cancer Conversations Podcast Episode 49: Understanding the Complexities of Genetic Testing SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Rafia Nasir Cancer is a complex and often misunderstood disease that affects millions of people across the globe. Unfortunately, misconceptions and myths about cancer can spread misinformation , fear, and confusion. Let’s dive into 10 common myths surrounding cancer and unravel the truth behind them. Myth 1: Cancer Always Leads to Death One of the most common myths about cancer is that it is always fatal. It is true that cancer is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease. However, advances in early detection, treatment options, and supportive care have significantly improved survival rates . Many people are successfully treated and live full lives after being diagnosed with cancer. Myth 2: Superfoods or Specific Diets Can Cure Cancer Although maintaining a healthy diet is important for overall health, there is no specific diet or food that can cure cancer . Some foods have beneficial properties or antioxidants that may support overall health, but they cannot replace medical treatment for cancer. It is very important to rely on evidence-based medical treatment provided by healthcare professionals. Myth 3: Only Old People Get Cancer Cancer can affect people of all ages, including children and young adults. Although the risk of developing cancer increases with age, it is important to know that cancer can occur at any stage of life . The incidence of some types of cancer, such as leukemia and sarcoma, is higher in younger people. Myth 4: Mammograms Cause Breast Cancer Mammograms, the X-ray imaging used to screen for breast cancer, do not cause breast cancer. The benefits of regular mammograms in detecting breast cancer early and increasing survival rates far outweigh any potential risks associated with the procedure. Myth 5: Hair Color Causes Cancer There is no conclusive evidence linking the use of hair dyes to an increased risk of cancer. Although some studies have suggested a possible association, the overall risk is still considered minimal. Note : Some hair products such as straightening or smoothing treatments may contain formaldehyde or formaldehyde-releasing preservatives (DMDM hydantoin, imidazolidinyl urea, or quaternium-15, which can release formaldehyde over time). Prolonged inhalation or high levels of formaldehyde exposure have been associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, including nasopharyngeal cancer and leukemia. Regulatory agencies enforce restrictions on the concentration of formaldehyde in everyday consumer products to ensure safety. However, individuals with sensitivities or concerns may opt for alternatives that are formaldehyde free . It is advisable to carefully examine ingredient labels before using hair products and to follow safety instructions provided by manufacturers when using hair dyes. Myth 6: Cancer is Only Caused by Genetics While genetic factors may contribute to an individual’s risk of cancer, lifestyle choices and environmental exposures also play a role. Tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, exposure to carcinogens, and other lifestyle factors can greatly increase the risk of cancer, even in individuals without a family history of the disease. Myth 7: Alternative Therapies Can Cure Cancer Alternative therapies and treatments can provide comfort and relief from symptoms, but should not be considered a cure for cancer. Effective management and treatment of cancer requires reliance on evidence-based medical treatments provided by healthcare professionals. Myth 8: Cancer is Contagious Contrary to popular belief, cancer is not contagious . It cannot be transmitted from person to person like an infectious disease. Cancer is caused by genetic mutations or other factors in a person’s own cells, and is not caused by contact with or proximity to someone with the disease. Myth 9: Biopsies Cause Cancer to Spread Biopsies, which involve removing a small sample of tissue for examination, do not cause cancer to spread. A biopsy is essential to accurately diagnose cancer , determine its characteristics, and guide appropriate treatment decisions. Myth 10: Sunscreen Causes Vitamin D Deficiency Sunscreens are an essential tool for protecting the skin from harmful UV rays , reducing the risk of skin damage and skin cancer. But some people believe it can lead to vitamin D deficiency. Sunscreen does not completely block the skin’s ability to produce vitamin D. Even when wearing sunscreen, the skin can still absorb some UV radiation, allowing for adequate vitamin D synthesis. Additionally, there are other sources of vitamin D, such as certain foods and vitamin D supplements, which can help maintain optimal levels. Remember to seek reliable sources and consult with healthcare professionals for accurate information about cancer. It is important to dispel myths about cancer to promote understanding and make informed decisions. Feel free to share any other myths or questions you may have, and we’ll be glad to address them. Together, we can dispel misconceptions and promote awareness. Learn more: Diet and Breast Cancer Breast Cancer Risk Factors Reducing the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence 9 Essential Tips for Breast Cancer Survivors Cancer Etiquette: How to Talk with Loved Ones About Their Breast Cancer 10 Myths and Facts About Male Breast Cancer On the Breast Cancer Conversations Podcast: Diet, Exercise, and a Breast Cancer Vaccine, Oh My, with Judith Fitzgerald From the same author: Navigating Cancer Treatment: Top Tips from an Oncology Pharmacist Unlocking the Power of Emotional Intelligence Author bio: Rafia Nasir holds a Pharm-D degree and has extensive clinical and oncology experience. She worked for four years as a clinical pharmacist in medical oncology at an ISO-certified military hospital in Pakistan. Her experience as a clinical pharmacist helps her understand cancer treatment and the importance of individualized care. She currently works as a medical writer covering cancer treatment and research. By leveraging her clinical experience, she is able to translate complex medical information into patient-friendly language to help patients better understand their disease and treatment options. Through her work, she aims to bridge the gap between medical expertise and patient understanding. With a strong focus on patient education, she is committed to helping patients and their caregivers tackle cancer treatment complexities with confidence and hope. SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

You may have heard the term “genetic testing” from your doctor or a friend, but what is it? Genetic testing has revolutionized the medical landscape by providing crucial insights into the potential risk of developing certain diseases. The Mayo Clinic suggests that genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations can offer valuable information about an individual’s cancer risk . However, the process can be confusing. Continue reading to learn about genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, the testing process, risks, benefits, and implications . What are BRCA1 and BRCA2? BRCA1 and BRCA2 are human genes that produce proteins responsible for repairing damaged DNA and play a significant role in maintaining the stability of our cells’ genetic material. Everyone has the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes – it’s the mutations to these genes that are a concern . When these genes are altered or mutated, they may not function properly, leading to the development of certain types of cancers , most notably breast and ovarian. What is BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genetic Testing? According to the Cleveland Clinic, BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing involve analyzing these genes for potential mutations . It’s typically performed with a blood test, although a saliva sample can also be used. Genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations is vital as it helps individuals understand their risk of developing cancers, including breast and ovarian cancer. Knowing your genetic risk can lead to early detection or prevention measures . Who Should Consider Genetic Testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations? Individuals with a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer should consider testing. In addition, people with Eastern European (Ashkenazi) Jewish heritage have a higher prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Additionally, people diagnosed with breast cancer may be encouraged to take the test to learn about family members’ risk . However, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider or genetic counselor before taking the test. They can assist in understanding the potential risks, benefits, and limitations of genetic testing. What Can the Results From a BRCA1 and BRCA2 Test Reveal? Genetic test results can be positive, negative, or uncertain. A positive result means that a person has a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and, therefore, a higher risk of developing certain types of cancer . However, a positive test does not mean a cancer diagnosis is inevitable. Rather, it means that the risk is higher than the general population. A negative result can be more difficult to interpret because it depends on the individual’s family history of cancer . It can mean no mutation detection, but this doesn’t mean you have no risk of developing these cancers. It is essential to discuss your results with your healthcare provider or genetic counselor to understand what they mean for you. If you have a positive BRCA mutation test result, several risk-reducing strategies are available, including more frequent screenings, medications, and preventive surgeries . A genetic counselor can provide detailed information based on your situation. What are the Risks and Limitations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genetic Testing? While genetic testing can be useful, it also has potential limitations, including: Uncertain Results: Sometimes, genetic tests identify a change in BRCA1 or BRCA2 that hasn’t been previously associated with cancer, called a variant of uncertain significance (VUS). Psychological Impact: Learning about an increased risk of cancer can cause anxiety and stress. You may also have concerns about what this means for other biological family members. Test Limitations: A negative test result doesn’t eliminate your risk of cancer. Understanding genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations can empower individuals to make informed decisions about their health . Genetic testing is just one piece of the puzzle; other factors like lifestyle and environmental influences can also contribute to your risk. Genetic testing can provide valuable insights, but it’s not a crystal ball predicting your future health. Count On Us for Information, Resources, and Support Whether you’re newly diagnosed with breast cancer , are navigating survivorship, or are the loved one of someone experiencing breast cancer, you can count on SurvivingBreastCancer.org to keep you informed. We provide educational information to help you better understand symptoms , testing, treatment options , surgery, etc., and podcasts that feature professionals, advocates, and caregivers who share valuable information. Your donations enable SurvivingBreastCancer.org to offer resources and support every day, every month, and every year. Note: This article is designed to provide general information and is not meant to replace professional medical advice. Always discuss your test results with your healthcare provider. Learn more: The Power of Knowledge (My BRCA Story) Genetic Testing for Cancer – What You Need to Know Reassurance for Genetic Testing Newly Diagnosed. Now What? You Might Also Like: Breast Cancer Conversations Podcast Episode 49: Understanding the Complexities of Genetic Testing SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Elisa Herrera I see the pink of October smiling all around us, but I want you to remember that inside you, your heart carries so many colors: soft blues of memory, greens of healing, violets of courage. They talk about “awareness,” they pin ribbons on you, but your story is deeper than any color. You carry laughter and loss, scars and strength, doubts and daring dreams. You are weaving your own tapestry threads of pain, stitches of hope, a design born of living and dreams Beyond the ribbon, You are more than a survivor. You are the breath between fear and faith, a vibrant palette of becoming. I see you. I honor every color of your journey. And I want you to remember: You are not just pink. You are all the colors of your courage, your healing, and your life. You are more than a survivor. You are the stars, the oceans, and the mountains vast, resilient, full of light. Trust in your courage, and remember: you will prevail. Share your poetry: https://www.survivingbreastcancer.org/submit-breast-cancer-story SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Laura Carfang Edited by Meghan McCallum Breast cancer is a devastating disease that affects millions of people worldwide. According to the American Cancer Society , breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women, with approximately 2.3 million new cases diagnosed each year . Despite advances in treatment options, the risk of recurrence and the potential for metastasis remain significant concerns for breast cancer survivors. However, there is new hope on the horizon in the form of a breast cancer vaccine. A recent episode of the SurvivingBreastCancer.org podcast Breast Cancer Conversations , hosted by Laura Carfang, highlights the promising breakthrough of a breast cancer vaccine . The episode features Dr. Amit Kumar, the chairman and CEO of Anixa Biosciences , and Jennifer Davis, the first recipient of the triple-negative breast cancer vaccine , which is currently in testing with the Cleveland Clinic. Dr. Amit Kumar Dr. Kumar, a trained scientist with extensive experience in the biotech industry, explains that Anixa Biosciences partnered with the Cleveland Clinic in 2019 to bring this groundbreaking vaccine technology out of the laboratory and into human testing. The vaccine is designed to prevent the recurrence of breast cancer in survivors and potentially even prevent the onset of cancer in individuals who have never had breast cancer before . While the vaccine’s initial target is triple-negative breast cancer, Dr. Kumar believes that this technology has the potential to prevent other types of breast cancer as well. Dr. Kumar emphasizes the significance of targeting triple-negative breast cancer , which has not previously been achieved as it has for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. “If you have triple negative breast cancer, there’s really nothing out there in targeted therapy today. As a result, triple negative—which also happens to be the most lethal form of [breast] cancer and the most aggressive type of [breast] cancer that results in the most recurrences—really doesn’t have a lot of good therapies.” He notes that while there are specific treatment options for triple-negative breast cancer, the treatment process is extremely challenging for those undergoing it. The hope with the vaccine, then, is to eliminate the need for this brutal treatment altogether by preventing the cancer from developing in the first place . Dr. Kumar collaborated with the Cleveland Clinic to develop the vaccine. He met Dr. Vincent Tuohy, the immunologist at the Cleveland Clinic who invented the technology behind the vaccine, and the two decided to commercialize and develop it for clinical use. Unfortunately, Dr. Tuohy passed away before seeing his vision come to fruition. The vaccine has since entered human testing and shows promise for the future. Dr. Kumar expresses deep gratitude for Dr. Tuohy’s work and the significant impact it could have on the future of breast cancer prevention . Jennifer Davis Jenni Davis , a registered nurse, was diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer at the age of 41. She underwent chemotherapy, radiation, and a double mastectomy. As a patient at the Cleveland Clinic, Jenni learned about the vaccine in development after finishing her treatment. Once it was available through the trial, her healthcare team advised her that she could be a good candidate for it. “I was so happy about it,” she says. Jenni was able to meet the trial criteria, and she received the first of three doses of the vaccine on October 19, 2021. The vaccine had been in research for over two decades at that point, Dr. Kumar notes, and Jenni was the first human to receive it . “I’m so very thankful to Anixa and Cleveland Clinic for coming together and rolling out this vaccine,” Jenni says. She is excited about the possibilities it holds for the future of breast cancer treatment and prevention. The vaccine is currently in early Phase 1 testing , and the initial data looks promising. If successful, this vaccine could be a game-changer in the fight against breast cancer . It has the potential to significantly reduce the risk of recurrence and improve overall survival rates for those diagnosed with breast cancer. Additionally, it could offer hope to individuals who have never had breast cancer by providing a preventive measure against the disease. The podcast episode underscores the importance of early detection and regular screenings for breast cancer. It also emphasizes the significance of research and innovation in finding new and effective treatments. The collaboration between Anixa Biosciences and the Cleveland Clinic is a testament to the power of partnerships in advancing medical breakthroughs. Listen to the episode: Good News for Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Vaccine and Hope for the Future More information: Cleveland Clinic: Is a Preventive Breast Cancer Vaccine in Our Future? Cleveland Clinic Launches First-Of-Its-Kind Preventive Breast Cancer Vaccine Study Anixa Biosciences: Cancer Vaccines ClinicalTrials.gov: Adjuvant Therapy With an Alpha-lactalbumin Vaccine in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

By Rafia Nasir Food plays a vital role in our health. For those diagnosed with breast cancer, choosing the right diet can significantly support overall well-being and aid in the recovery process . It’s crucial to understand that good dietary choices may help improve symptoms and impact your overall quality of life. Breast cancer is unique to each individual, and there are various subtypes of the disease . Treatment plans can also differ from case to case. For these reasons, there is no one-size-fits-all diet for everyone. Rather, you can work with your healthcare team to determine the right food choices for your situation. As an oncology pharmacist, I’m sharing steps to consider when making food choices during your experience with breast cancer. While this information will help you understand a general approach for your nutrition, it’s strongly recommended that you consult a registered dietitian with oncology expertise for personalized advice. Here are some suggestions for how to get started: 1. Understand Your Unique Diagnosis Determine your breast cancer subtype. Your subtype is typically included on pathology reports and other documents from your doctor. Confirm this by asking your doctor directly if you’re unsure. Breast cancer subtypes are different from one another and each subtype has unique dietary recommendations. Research the dietary guidelines relevant to your breast cancer subtype, and ask your dietician for their recommendations. 2. Consider Your Comorbidities If you have pre-existing health conditions like hypertension, diabetes, obesity, or any others, it can influence the food choices you make during your breast cancer experience. This is because these conditions can interact with your dietary needs and considerations. Make sure your oncologist is informed when you make significant dietary changes. Provide your dietitian with information about any other conditions when creating your customized meal plan. 3. Understand Your Treatment Plan Confirm your treatment plan with your oncology team: surgery, radiation, or medication-based approaches like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or hormonal treatment. Each treatment has dietary considerations and guidelines, indicating what’s suitable and what to avoid during treatment. It’s important to note that certain foods can have interactions with cancer medications, potentially affecting the medication’s effectiveness or exacerbating side effects. For example, you may have heard about grapefruit interacting with some medications. Or perhaps you’re wondering if you can safely enjoy small amounts of alcohol while you’re in treatment. Make sure to ask your oncology team, pharmacist, and dietician to confirm your understanding of any possible interactions. 4. Adapt for Your Side Effects Your cancer treatment may cause a range of side effects, which can differ from patient to patient. As a result, your diet might require modifications to help alleviate these side effects and provide relief. Your doctor may advise managing your side effects at home through dietary changes or over-the-counter medications, or they may advise you to seek medical attention from your care team. Remember that cancer is a complex experience, and you’ll need to seek assistance from various oncology specialists as you navigate treatment. Your healthcare team can provide you with the guidance needed to navigate through the complexities of cancer treatment, including specific diet and food recommendations. Coupled with advice from a registered dietician, this support can help you make good nutrition choices for your unique situation. Learn more: Metabolic Changes After a Breast Cancer Diagnosis Diet and Breast Cancer Newly Diagnosed Different Types of Breast Cancer Understanding Your Pathology Report 11 Tips to Manage Chemotherapy Side Effects On the Breast Cancer Conversations Podcast: What’s the Difference Between Diet and Nutrition? From the same author: 10 Common Myths About Cancer Navigating Cancer Treatment: Top Tips from an Oncology Pharmacist Unlocking the Power of Emotional Intelligence Author bio: Rafia Nasir holds a Pharm-D degree and has extensive clinical and oncology experience. She worked for four years as a clinical pharmacist in medical oncology at an ISO-certified military hospital in Pakistan. Her experience as a clinical pharmacist helps her understand cancer treatment and the importance of individualized care. She currently works as a medical writer covering cancer treatment and research. By leveraging her clinical experience, she is able to translate complex medical information into patient-friendly language to help patients better understand their disease and treatment options. Through her work, she aims to bridge the gap between medical expertise and patient understanding. With a strong focus on patient education, she is committed to helping patients and their caregivers tackle cancer treatment complexities with confidence and hope. SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Kiara Ford In recognition of Hispanic Heritage Month this September 15 to October 15, now is the time to reflect on how breast cancer affects the Hispanic community, and the unique challenges that are often left unaddressed for Hispanic people with breast cancer . It has been well established that the likelihood of a breast cancer diagnosis can be determined by one’s genetic background and is often linked to race. This presents challenges when attempting to study and understand how breast cancer specifically impacts the Hispanic community, as Hispanic people are not a homogeneous group and can be of any race . Historically, breast cancer research has failed to address this diversity within the Hispanic population. In fact, most research about breast cancer is based on studies of non-Hispanic white women. That being said, some broad generalizations can be surmised from studying the Hispanic population as a whole. Recent data show that Hispanic women are about 30% less likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer than non-Hispanic white women. Although this statistic sounds hopeful, it is also true that Hispanic women are more likely to be diagnosed younger , with more aggressive types of breast cancer, and are more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage . Although breast cancer may be less common among Hispanic women, they are 30% more likely to die from their breast cancer than non-Hispanic white women, with breast cancer being the leading cause of cancer deaths among Hispanic women. Screening Accessibility Part of the issue, particularly as it pertains to timely diagnoses, is caused by a lack of access to mammograms . Regular mammograms are essential to catch cancer early, but a 2019 study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that only 64% of Hispanic women over age 40 had had a mammogram within the past two years . This low figure is linked to a number of social factors, one of the biggest being the inability to make it to an appointment. Although mammograms are quick screenings, they can often only be scheduled during typical business hours, when women might have to miss work and potentially lose a paycheck in order to get them. They might also have to arrange childcare – another financial burden – and organize transportation to these appointments. These disruptions in work and family obligations create a financial barrier to mammogram access for Hispanic women , yet the consequences of missing a mammogram can be costlier. Access to screenings is just one example of how social determinants of health impact Hispanic people seeking cancer care. Another such example is diet and nutrition. Maintaining a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help lower an individual’s risk of developing breast cancer. Systemic lack of access to healthy food options is believed to be a compounding factor in breast cancer rates among Hispanic women. Language Barriers Language access presents yet another challenge. In the United States, much information about breast cancer is written in English only, so a patient whose primary language is Spanish may find a lack of resources and cultural competency within their treatment. It should be noted, however, that Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 includes provisions for limited English proficient (LEP) individuals receiving healthcare services and information so that they receive information and communications from their providers in a language they understand. This includes a requirement for professional healthcare interpreters to be provided at medical appointments when requested . Written materials must also be professionally translated and provided to patients. Health Insurance Disparities Finally, there is the issue of insurance. The U.S. Census Bureau has found that Hispanic people have among the highest uninsured rates in the nation. A lack of insurance makes it far more challenging to access preventative care and catch cancer early. These are just a few examples of the numerous factors shaping the health of Hispanic people, which are not currently adequately addressed. The solution to these issues will be complex, but one of the first steps is raising awareness. Understanding that Hispanic women face a unique set of obstacles in receiving cancer screening, information, treatment, and insurance coverage is necessary to ensure equity in healthcare and beyond. SurvivingBreastCancer.org Spanish Language Resources & Support: Meetups in Spanish: Después de un Diagnóstico All SBC Programs in Spanish Después de un Diagnóstico podcast Después de un Diagnóstico blog Después de un Diagnóstico One-Year Anniversary Celebration A bout the Author: Kiara Ford is a recent graduate of Emerson College, where she majored in communication studies and minored in health and society. She is currently a community health worker trainee with the non-profit organization Asian Women for Health. She is passionate about patient advocacy and health equity, and hopes to raise awareness and increase understanding of patients’ rights through her work.

Breast cancer isn’t just a physical condition. For many, it’s an emotional and psychological experience that can profoundly affect their mental health and the lives of their family and friends. Understanding the common psychological reactions and implementing positive coping strategies can help those with breast cancer better manage their mental health during treatment and recovery. Continue reading to delve into the mental and emotional repercussions of breast cancer and viable strategies to cope. Common Psychological Effects of Breast Cancer Shock and Denial The initial news of a breast cancer diagnosis often leads to feelings of shock, disbelief, and denial. It’s not uncommon to have difficulty absorbing or accepting the reality of the diagnosis at first. It’s a natural defense mechanism, but over time, accepting the reality of the situation is crucial for treatment and emotional healing. Fear and Anxiety As the reality sets in, breast cancer patients frequently struggle with intense fear and anxiety. The uncertainty surrounding diagnosis and prognosis — pain, side effects, the fear of the cancer metastasizing, and the possibility of recurrence — can foster anxiety. Anger Some breast cancer patients experience feelings of anger at their diagnosis. Anger can arise from the seeming randomness or unfairness of a cancer diagnosis. You may direct anger at your doctors or loved ones. A professional therapist can help you express your anger in healthy ways to avoid directing it inward. Sadness and Depression Breast cancer patients are at an increased risk of experiencing sadness and depression compared to the general population. Causes include hormonal factors from cancer treatments, stress, grief over the potential alterations in body image and lifestyle, and the trauma of the diagnosis. Social Isolation Another consequence many people with breast cancer face is social isolation due to withdrawal from their social circles, which may be caused by physical discomfort or medical vulnerability, like being immunocompromised. Some patients avoid social activities and interaction during treatment. Finding social support is essential to counter these feelings. Cognitive Dysfunction Known as “ chemo brain ,” some patients experience memory problems or trouble concentrating during or after chemotherapy. This phenomenon can be extremely frustrating, particularly if someone has never experienced memory problems. Healthy Coping Strategies Positive coping techniques, as you face breast cancer, can help you manage the range of psychological impacts and improve your mental health. Consider the following helpful strategies: Develop a Strong Support Network Building a robust support network, including friends, family, and support groups, can provide a buffer against social isolation. Support groups offer a safe space where you can share your experiences and gain insights from others who have faced similar challenges. SurvivingBreastCancer.org has several peer-to-peer online meetups , including all stages and types of breast cancer, metastatic breast cancer (MBC), inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), and a Spanish-language meetup. Engage in Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques Practicing mindfulness and relaxation techniques, like meditation and yoga , can be instrumental in reducing anxiety and depression. These strategies promote a sense of calm and help individuals remain grounded during turbulent times. Stay Informed Understanding the disease and your treatment options can provide a sense of control. Always consult with your healthcare professional for personalized advice. Don’t hesitate to ask questions when you don’t understand something or want more information. Exercise Regularly Exercise has numerous benefits for cancer survivors , including improving physical function, reducing fatigue, and reducing the risk of cancer recurrence. First, talk with your care team before starting a fitness routine. Then, if you feel up to exercising and your team approves, you can work out during treatment. Begin with slow movement — walking, yoga, or stretching — and listen to your body to set the pace. Communicate With Loved Ones Sharing fears, concerns, and hopes with friends and family can provide emotional relief and strengthen bonds during challenging times. Friends and family who share a history and emotional bond with you can provide support grounded in empathy, familiarity, and deep-seated understanding, fostering a sense of solidarity and alleviating isolation. While having the support of loved ones is always valuable, sometimes a therapist, professionally trained to guide you through traumatic experiences, can provide structured and objective support to help you navigate complex emotions and develop coping strategies. Striking a balance between both avenues of support can create a harmonized support system, integrating the professional insights from therapy with the comforting embrace of family and friends. Seek Professional Help Seeking the assistance of mental health professionals can be a pivotal step in managing the psychological repercussions of breast cancer. Psycho-oncology , a field at the intersection of psychiatry and oncology, is dedicated to addressing these issues. You may find it helpful to meet with a therapist or counselor specializing in oncology. Also consider mental health professionals and support groups for other specific challenges, including struggles with body image or changes to your professional life. Accept Change and Live in the Present Dealing with breast cancer can bring a wave of negative emotions and fear. It’s important to recognize these feelings rather than suppressing them. Allow yourself time to process your emotions. Accept that your feelings and reactions are valid and give yourself permission to feel them. Although adjusting your expectations and focusing on the positives can help you feel more hopeful, it may be challenging to remain consistently positive. Dwelling on the future causes unnecessary worry. Focusing on each day can help you get through treatment. Maintain Hobbies Continuing enjoyable activities provides a sense of normalcy and distraction from cancer. SurvivingBreastCancer.org offers 100% free online activities , including writing workshops, art therapy, poetry readings, forest bathing, a book club, and more. Count On Us for Information, Resources, and Support The psychological impact of a breast cancer diagnosis can be as significant as the physical challenges. Recognizing the emotional effects and adopting strategies for coping is essential for comprehensive healing and wellness. Whether you’re newly diagnosed with breast cancer , are navigating survivorship, or are the loved one of someone experiencing breast cancer, you can count on SurvivingBreastCancer.org to keep you informed. We provide educational information to help you better understand symptoms , testing, treatment options , surgery, etc., and podcasts that feature professionals, advocates, and caregivers who share valuable information. Your donations enable SurvivingBreastCancer.org to offer resources and support every day, every month, and every year. Note: This article is designed to provide general information and is not meant to replace professional medical advice. Always discuss your options with your healthcare provider. Learn more: Newly Diagnosed Unlocking the Power of Emotional Intelligence: Taking Control of Your Cancer Experience Treatment Tips and Questions to Ask Your Medical Oncology Team New Meanings, Shifting Priorities Reconnect With Your Inner Strengths On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations How to Get a Grip: Coping Strategies for Complicated Times with Dr. David Bullis SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Kiara Ford Among the many different types of breast cancer, one of the least discussed and least understood is inflammatory breast cancer, or IBC . This is primarily because of its rarity; IBC only affects 1 to 5% of all breast cancer patients. For those affected, however, IBC can be difficult to diagnose, treat, and recover from. For all of these reasons, it is important to be aware of the symptoms and treatment options of this less common subtype of breast cancer . Continue reading to learn how inflammatory breast cancer is different from other breast cancer subtypes, as well as how IBC is diagnosed and treated. What is Inflammatory Breast Cancer? Like the majority of breast cancers, inflammatory breast cancer is usually an invasive ductal carcinoma . This means the disease is the result of cancer cells developing from the cells that line the milk duct of the breast, and subsequently spreading to cells beyond the duct. That said, the symptoms and treatment of IBC are different from other types of breast cancer . How is Inflammatory Breast Cancer Different from Other Subtypes of Breast Cancer? The key difference in presentation of inflammatory breast cancer is the lack of a lump within the breast, and the rapid onset of symptoms, including swelling and redness of the entire breast . This inflammation is caused by cancer cells obstructing the lymphatic vessels of the skin on the breast. This same inflammation is a sign that the cancer has spread into nearby tissue and potentially nearby lymph nodes. Because of this presentation within the skin, by the time IBC has developed enough to be noticed and diagnosed, it is considered locally advanced and at least stage III . This development often happens rapidly, in a matter of months or even weeks . In a third of IBC cases , at the time of diagnosis, the cancer has already metastasized to other parts of the body. Who is At Risk for Inflammatory Breast Cancer? Certain populations may be more at risk for inflammatory breast cancer than others. IBC is unlike other breast cancers in that it is more likely to develop in younger people; many are under the age of 40. It primarily affects women and people assigned female at birth, although all genders can develop IBC . One risk factor is being categorized as overweight or obese on the body mass index (BMI) scale , and recent studies suggest it is more common among people of color. What are the Signs and Symptoms of Inflammatory Breast Cancer? Signs and symptoms of IBC are easy to mistake for breast infections, so it is important to recognize and discuss them with a doctor as soon as they emerge . They include, but are not limited to, swelling, discoloration, pain, and itching of the breast. Other skin changes that may occur within days are inverted nipples and thickness and pitting of the skin, which gives the appearance of an orange peel in texture . Swollen lymph nodes under the arm can also be a sign that IBC has spread beyond the breast. If any of these symptoms present, it is important to address them quickly and receive a diagnosis as quickly as possible. How is Inflammatory Breast Cancer Diagnosed and Treated? Diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer typically consists of physical examination, imaging, and biopsy . Once an IBC diagnosis has been officially confirmed , the results of the biopsy can help determine the right course of treatment . People whose cancer cells have hormone receptors may benefit from hormone therapy drugs, whereas people whose cells contain an abundance of the HER2 protein may react better to medication that specifically targets HER2. Beyond targeted drugs, other treatment options may include chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation, depending on the nature of the cancer. Due to how uncommon inflammatory breast cancer is, it can often be forgotten in conversations about breast cancer. This information must be communicated and understood in order to help people know what to look for and to seek medical consultation as soon as possible . Learn More: Attend Our IBC Monthly Meetup Join Our Private IBC Group Newly Diagnosed Treatment Tips and Questions to Ask Your Medical Oncology Team Breast Cancer Risk Factors Breast Cancer Symptoms Different Types of Breast Cancer On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations A 23-Year Look at Inflammatory Breast Cancer with Ginny Mason (Part I) What is the Inflammatory Breast Cancer Scoring Scale? Featuring Ginny Mason (Part II) A bout the Author: Kiara Ford is a recent graduate of Emerson College, where she majored in communication studies and minored in health and society. She is currently a community health worker trainee with the non-profit organization Asian Women for Health. She is passionate about patient advocacy and health equity, and hopes to raise awareness and increase understanding of patients’ rights through her work. From the Same Author: Breast Cancer and Healthcare Access Within the Hispanic Community

By Linh Luong Breast cancer is primarily diagnosed among older women, after menopause. Only 25% of cases occur in women under 50 years old (Ganz, 2003). However, in recent years, the cases in this age group have increased tremendously. Between 2010 and 2019, the number of diagnoses surged by 19.4% for individuals aged 30 to 39, while for those aged 20 to 29, the increase was 5.3% ( Morris et al., 2023 ). This shift in demographic trends has raised significant questions and concerns within the medical community. Continue reading to learn about risk factors for breast cancer in young women, as well as information about diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Why is Breast Cancer in Young Women Increasing? There are several risk factors contributing to this increasing trend of breast cancer in young women. One noteworthy factor is the change in lifestyle, including oral contraceptive usage, delayed childbirth, and decreased breastfeeding. Nowadays, women have a flexible choice when selecting their preferred birth control methods. Among these options, oral contraceptives stand out as a popular choice. These pills contain synthetic estrogen as a key ingredient, leading to concern about its potential influence on the development of cancer cells. According to the National Cancer Institute , current oral contraceptive users had a 24% increase in risk that did not escalate with prolonged use. Notably, this risk started to decline after discontinuance of oral contraceptive use, with no discernible risk increase after a decade of cessation. However, it is essential to emphasize that the overall risk of breast cancer from oral contraceptives remains very low , indicating that other factors may also be contributing to this phenomenon. Pregnancy is one of the known factors that can influence a woman’s chance of getting breast cancer. Women who give birth at an early age have a lower risk of developing breast cancer as they grow older. On the other hand, pregnancy after age 35 is linked to an increased risk of breast cancer . During pregnancy, breast cells experience accelerated growth, meaning that any pre-existing genetic damage within these cells can initiate abnormal growth, which can lead to breast cancer. Meanwhile, the chances of having these damages can go up with age, which helps explain why a delayed first childbirth can result in an increased risk of breast cancer. Breastfeeding is recognized for its role in reducing the risk of breast cancer in women. Research has shown that for every 12 months of breastfeeding, the relative risk of breast cancer decreases by 4.3%, which is in addition to the 7.0% decrease in risk for each birth (Stordal 2023). This protective effect is attributed to the hormonal changes that a woman experiences during breastfeeding, which may delay her menstrual cycle. This delay effectively lowers her exposure to hormones like estrogen, which is known to be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. With that being said, the declining trend in breastfeeding has shown a potential correlation with an increased rate of breast cancer among young women. Unique Challenges for Young Women with Breast Cancer The risk of breast cancer increases with age, with the highest risk in women over 70 . Since younger women have a comparatively lower risk, they encounter distinct challenges: Awareness: Younger women may not be as vigilant with self-exams or about recognizing breast cancer symptoms . They might associate abnormalities, such as breast lumps or unusual discharge, with hormonal fluctuations. Additionally, healthcare providers may also dismiss these symptoms in younger women with a “wait and see” approach. Breast density: Cancer detection is more difficult because younger women’s breasts are denser than those of older women. Higher breast density makes it harder to detect abnormalities on mammograms , often resulting in false-negative results. Screening guidelines: The current U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) screening guidelines ( 2016 ) recommend biennial screening mammography for women aged 50 to 74 years. Of note, however, is that a possible update to the USPSTF guidelines is currently in progress, in which the USPSTF recommends mammograms starting at age 40. With mammograms not typically recommended for younger women , it’s more difficult to diagnose young women’s breast cancer early. Different types of breast cancer: Younger women are more prone to developing more aggressive types , such as triple-negative breast cancer, which typically exhibits lower responsiveness to treatment. Side Effects of Breast Cancer Treatment in Young Women Breast cancer treatment in younger women can have various side effects, depending on the stage and type of breast cancer and the treatment used. Common side effects in younger women may include: Dissatisfaction about appearance: Surgical procedures to remove breast cancer, such as lumpectomies and mastectomies, cause significant changes in a person’s physical appearance. Moreover, chemotherapy can also cause hair loss, and radiation can cause changes in skin color. These changes can lead to dissatisfaction with one’s appearance. Cognitive dysfunction: Certain chemotherapy drugs can have direct effects on brain function (often called “ chemo brain ”), and changes in estrogen levels also influence cognitive function. These alterations can result in memory loss, difficulties with concentration, and low energy levels. Fertility: Chemotherapy and radiation can damage the ovaries, causing them to stop releasing eggs and producing estrogen. Hormone therapy can disturb the menstrual cycle, which may affect women’s fertility. Medically-induced menopause and other fertility changes may be temporary or permanent. Sexual health: Chemotherapy can lower estrogen levels, causing vaginal dryness and burning. In turn, this can lead to pain and discomfort during sexual intercourse. This issue significantly affects quality of life for affected individuals. Psychological challenges: Younger women appear to experience more significant psychological distress than their older counterparts , largely driven by concerns about fertility loss, changes in body image, and sexual dysfunction. Can Younger Women Lower the Risk of Breast Cancer? While breast cancer in younger women cannot always be prevented entirely, there are steps individuals can take to reduce their risk and increase the chances of early detection: Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Opt for a balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and lean protein and low in saturated fat. Exercise regularly , aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. Breastfeeding: When done for an extended period, breastfeeding can help lower breast cancer risk. Limit hormone replacement therapy or oral contraceptives: Minimizing changes in hormone levels can reduce the risk of breast cancer. Limit alcohol consumption: Consuming even a small amount of alcohol has been associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer . Consider abstaining from alcohol entirely. If you choose to drink, it is recommended that you limit alcohol intake to no more than one alcoholic drink per day. Genetic counseling: If you have a family history of breast cancer, it is advisable to seek genetic counseling and testing to learn more about your own risk of breast cancer. Breast cancer presents unique challenges for young women. Diagnosing breast cancer as early as possible can have a significant impact. While it is less common in younger women, early detection can make a substantial difference in treatment outcomes. By staying informed, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and seeking timely medical attention for any concerning symptoms, we can empower ourselves to detect breast cancer at its earliest and most treatable stage. Breast health should be a priority for women in every stage of life. Learn More: Breast Cancer Symptoms Risk Factors for Breast Cancer The Psychological Impact of Breast Cancer: Strategies for Coping Exercise and Breast Cancer Understanding Genetic Testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations Diagnosed Under 35 and Running a Business. Who Has Time For Cancer? Understanding Breast Cancer Screening Modalities Works Cited Assi HA, Khoury KE, Dbouk H, Khalil LE, Mouhieddine TH, El Saghir NS. Epidemiology and prognosis of breast cancer in young women. J Thorac Dis. 2013 Jun;5 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S2-8. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.05.24. PMID: 23819024; PMCID: PMC3695538. Breast cancer risk in American women. National Cancer Institute. (n.d.-a). https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/risk-fact-sheet Breastfeeding. Data and Statistics: Facts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.) https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/facts.html Can I lower my risk of breast cancer? American Cancer Society. (n.d.-a). https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/risk-and-prevention/can-i-lower-my-risk.html ​​ Chakravarthi, B. V. S. K., & Varambally, S. (2013, December 31). Targeting the link between late pregnancy and breast cancer . eLife. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3874101/ ` Final Recommendation Statement. Breast Cancer: Screening. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (n.d.) https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-screening Gabriel, C.A., and Domchek, S.M. Breast cancer in young women. Breast Cancer Res. 12, 212 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr2647 Ganz, Patricia A., et al., "Breast cancer in younger women: reproductive and late health effects of treatment." Journal of Clinical Oncology 21.22 (2003): 4184-4193. Hormonal contraception and risk of breast cancer. ACOG. (2022). https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2018/01/hormonal-contraception-and-risk-of-breast-cancer Joly F., Lange M., Dos Santos M., Vaz-Luis I., and Di Meglio A. Long-Term Fatigue and Cognitive Disorders in Breast Cancer Survivors. Cancers (Basel). 2019 Nov 28;11(12):1896. doi: 10.3390/cancers11121896. PMID: 31795208; PMCID: PMC6966680. Morris, A., Bever, L., & Malhi, S. (2023, August 27). More young women are getting breast cancer. They want answers. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2023/08/22/breast-cancer-young-women-increase/ Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) and cancer risk. National Cancer Institute. (n.d.). https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet Reproductive history and cancer risk. National Cancer Institute. (n.d.-e). https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/reproductive-history-fact-sheet Rose, Townley Bakewell, and Deborah L. Volker. "Sexual Dysfunction Related to the Treatment of Young Women with Breast Cancer." Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 9.6 (2005): 697-702. ProQuest. Web. 9 Sep. 2023. Screening for Breast Cancer. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (n.d.) https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/files/breast-cancer/Breast_Cancer_DRS_Consumer_Guide.pdf Side effects of cancer treatment. National Cancer Institute. (n.d.-d). https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects Stordal B., Breastfeeding reduces the risk of breast cancer: A call for action in high-income countries with low rates of breastfeeding. 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By Shankar Nishant Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide, affecting millions of people every year. According to the World Health Organization , breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, with over 600,000 deaths in 2020. Despite the alarming statistics, there have been significant advances in breast cancer therapeutics in recent years, leading to improved outcomes and better quality of life for patients. This progress has been driven by the development of new targeted therapies, immunotherapies , and precision medicine approaches, as well as improvements in supportive care and radiation therapy. Additionally, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) show promise for various applications in the detection and treatment of breast cancer. Continue reading to learn about AI’s role in mammography, breast cancer risk assessment, treatment plans, and drug discovery. AI and Mammography Artificial intelligence has shown significant promise in the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer using mammography. One advantage of AI in this field is its ability to improve accuracy and reduce false positives and false negatives. AI algorithms can analyze large amounts of data, including thousands of mammograms, to identify patterns and subtle changes that may indicate the presence of cancer. This can lead to earlier detection and treatment, which can improve patient outcomes and potentially save lives. One notable advantage of employing AI in this particular domain lies in its remarkable capacity to enhance accuracy while simultaneously diminishing the occurrence of both false positives and false negatives. AI-driven algorithms possess the capability to meticulously scrutinize vast volumes of data, encompassing thousands of mammograms, with the intention of discerning intricate patterns and subtle alterations that might signify the existence of cancerous growths. Consequently, this technological advancement holds the potential to facilitate earlier identification of the disease and prompt commencement of treatment, thereby improving patient outcomes and potentially saving lives. In March 2023, Lunit showcased its AI solutions for breast cancer diagnosis called Lunit INSIGHT DBT at the European Congress of Radiology (ECR) 2023, held in Vienna, Austria. Moreover, Lunit showcased its FDA-cleared AI solution for mammography called Lunit INSIGHT MMG. The solution uses deep learning algorithms to analyze mammograms and aid in the detection of breast cancer. Lunit INSIGHT MMG has been trained on a large dataset of mammograms to recognize patterns and identify suspicious regions that may indicate the presence of cancer. In November 2022, Google Health and iCAD, Inc., a mammography AI vendor, announced a strategic partnership to integrate Google Health’s AI technology into iCAD’s portfolio of breast imaging AI solutions in an effort to improve breast cancer detection and short-term personal cancer risk assessment. Under this definitive agreement, Google has licensed its AI technology for breast cancer and personalized risk assessment to iCAD. iCAD aims to apply this technology to further improve its 3D and 2D AI algorithms and plans to commercialize developed products to help breast cancer patients in the near future. Predictive Analytics for Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Predictive models, driven by artificial intelligence, assess a person’s breast cancer risk based on various factors such as genetics , family history, and lifestyle. These models enable healthcare providers to identify individuals who may benefit from more frequent screening or preventive measures. Tailoring risk assessment to each patient, AI optimizes healthcare resources and provides targeted preventive strategies, enhancing patient care and streamlining the healthcare system. In February 2023, the University of Waterloo unveiled an AI algorithm that can pre-evaluate the suitability of chemotherapy for people with breast cancer before surgery. This AI system holds the potential to forecast a patient’s responsiveness to a specific treatment, thereby equipping doctors with the necessary tools to prescribe the most personalized and effective treatment for enhanced recovery and increased chances of survival. This significant advancement signifies a shift toward more tailored treatment decisions, sparing some patients from undergoing unnecessary chemotherapy and elevating their overall quality of life. Moreover, the AI algorithm stands to optimize surgical outcomes for eligible patients. As evidenced by a systematic review, AI algorithms have demonstrated the capacity to predict, diagnose, and monitor various forms of cancer by analyzing medical imaging. Personalized Breast Cancer Treatment Plans Breast cancer is highly heterogeneous and demands tailored treatment approaches. AI algorithms analyze vast datasets to identify the most effective treatment options for an individual, considering factors like genetic makeup, tumor characteristics, and treatment responses. Providing oncologists with comprehensive insights, AI aids in informed decisions about chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies. Personalized treatment improves outcomes and reduces adverse effects. AI can be used to continually monitor treatment responses, allowing real-time adjustments to optimize care. Drug Discovery and Development AI accelerates drug discovery for breast cancer therapeutics by analyzing extensive genomic and molecular data. It identifies potential drug candidates and predicts their effectiveness against specific breast cancer subtypes. This expedites the development of new treatments, offering hope for patients who may have exhausted conventional options. AI-driven drug discovery unveils novel therapeutic approaches targeting breast cancer with unprecedented precision. Insilico Medicine, a clinical-stage, end-to-end AI-driven drug discovery company, has made recent developments in AI-driven drug discovery for breast cancer therapeutics . In December 2022, Insilico announced the nomination of a preclinical candidate targeting KAT6A for ER+/HER2- breast cancer therapy. The candidate was discovered using Insilico’s end-to-end AI engine, which accelerates drug discovery by analyzing extensive genomic and molecular data to identify potential drug candidates and predict their effectiveness against specific breast cancer subtypes. In September 2023, oncology-focused biotech company Exelixis announced that it will license the global rights to develop and commercialize an investigational cancer treatment that was derived from Insilico Medicine’s AI-designed cancer drug. These developments are significant because they expedite the development of new treatments for breast cancer and offer hope for patients who may have exhausted conventional options. Conclusion Breast cancer remains a significant health concern worldwide. Artificial intelligence, when used in breast cancer detection and treatment decisions, may improve outcomes for patients. AI can also lead to the approval of new drugs for breast cancer treatment. Advancements in artificial intelligence, coupled with ongoing research, will continue to improve breast cancer detection and treatment. About the Author: Shankar Nishant is a researcher at Next Move Strategy Consulting with a cumulative experience of more than four years. Shankar is enthusiastic about new technology, enjoys working with a diverse range of global clients, and has delivered numerous market reports in multiple domains. He can be reached at shankar.dutta@nextmsc.com You Might Also Like: Immunotherapy Response Monitoring in Patients with Breast Cancer Addressing Breast Cancer Recurrence in High-Risk Patients Understanding Your Pathology Report: A Comprehensive Step-By-Step Guide Different Types of Breast Cancer Breast Cancer Risk Factors On the Podcast, Breast Cancer Conversations : Episode 207: Is the Medicine Working? With Dr. Angel Rodriguez SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

By Kiara Ford The holiday season is in full swing, bringing with it a fresh wave of stress. Holidays can be a demanding time for anyone, but for those with breast cancer, they can create a unique opportunity for anxiety and sadness . If you are currently undergoing treatment , you may not have the energy or ability to keep up with your usual traditions. Those with metastatic breast cancer  may be dreading that this could be their last holiday with their loved ones. What is supposed to be the most wonderful time of the year can quickly devolve into a perfect storm for sorrow.  The most important thing you can do to mitigate these difficult realities is to  look after yourself first and foremost , even during the season of giving. Below are some tips on how to cope with the logistical and emotional stress of the holiday season with breast cancer. Be Aware of Travel Limitations Traveling to see loved ones is standard fare for the holidays. In December 2022, it was estimated that almost 113 million Americans planned to travel 50 miles or more   between December 23 and January 2. While for many, this travel is worthwhile for the payoff of spending the holidays with loved ones, for others, it simply may not be possible due to breast cancer treatment. Patients are generally advised to wait a certain amount of time after chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment before traveling , and they face additional restrictions for flying after surgery. The exact parameters of these travel restrictions are individual and should be discussed with your care team.   Beyond these basic safety considerations, side effects from breast cancer treatment could make long-distance travel unpleasant or painful. It can be heartbreaking to tell loved ones that travel is not possible at the moment. At the same time, it’s important to understand and respect your body’s limitations.  Don’t be Afraid to Change the Menu Food plays a major role in holiday celebrations. This might be panic-inducing if you have diet restrictions due to your cancer diagnosis or treatment. If you are experiencing nausea or vomiting due to chemotherapy, don’t pressure yourself to consume certain foods for the sake of tradition. It’s more important to maintain the dietary plan you’ve established with your care team. If you are longing to eat, but perhaps fearful of carcinogens or inflammatory properties in certain foods, remember that food can be both delicious and healing. For specific recipes, this blog is a great place to look . This holiday season may be a great time to start incorporating new, nutritious foods into your traditional spread.  For Holiday Shopping, Look Online For a person with breast cancer, the notion of navigating holiday shopping crowds for the best deal can sound less like a bargain and more like a nightmare. Even just a quick trip to the mall may feel like you’re overexerting yourself. This is an excellent time to utilize modern technology. Many gifts can be found online,  with numerous sites even offering gift wrapping for a small fee to save further hassle. This can be an excellent option if you’re looking to conserve energy and remove the pressure of holiday shopping.  Communicate Your Needs and Set Your Boundaries While the loved ones you see over the holidays will probably want to help and support you, they may not know how. In these situations, it’s often best to be honest about your abilities and needs. You may not be able to host an event or travel to see relatives. While these are disappointing realities, they are your lived experience and should be understood by those around you. That being said, people are not mind readers. Consider taking time before the holidays to determine what will and will not be possible for you, and what you may need from others to get you through this time. Openly communicating these needs and boundaries prior to the holidays will help set realistic expectations for your loved ones and yourself. Give Yourself Grace Remember that  breast cancer is an extremely difficult experience , and there is no right or wrong way to respond to it. All emotions the holidays bring up are valid .  Allow yourself a moment to hold space for them. Ultimately, the best thing is to do what is right for you. Whether it’s soaking in every second with your loved ones or deferring visits to the new year, take this holiday season as a time to look after yourself. Learn More: The Psychological Impact of Breast Cancer: Strategies for Coping Navigating Cancer Treatment: Top Tips from an Oncology Pharmacist Unlocking the Power of Emotional Intelligence Delicious (and Nutritious) Ideas for Thanksgiving Living With Metastatic Breast Cancer On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations How to Get a Grip: Coping Strategies for Complicated Times A bout the Author: Kiara Ford is a recent graduate of Emerson College, where she majored in communication studies and minored in health and society. She is currently a community health worker trainee with the non-profit organization Asian Women for Health. She is passionate about patient advocacy and health equity, and hopes to raise awareness and increase understanding of patients’ rights through her work. From the Same Author: Metastatic Breast Cancer: Understanding the Significance of Stage IV Breast Cancer and Healthcare Access Within the Hispanic Community Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Breaking Down the Basics Datopotamab Deruxtecan Shows Promise in Clinical Trials

Losing someone dear to breast cancer can be an immensely painful and emotional experience. As we grapple with the departure of our dear friends due to metastatic breast cancer, it's essential to recognize that grief is a complex and individual journey. This year has been particularly hard in our breast cancer community, and our hearts ache for the families who have lost a mom, grandmother, or spouse.  Grief is something we do not talk about enough. Oftentimes, we may get a few days off from work for bereavement and then are expected to return as if everything is somehow fine.  Understanding the stages of grief can provide a framework for navigating this challenging process and finding healing amidst the ebbs and flows of pain. Stages of Grief Denial Initially, when faced with the loss of a loved one, it's common to feel a sense of disbelief or denial. It's our mind's way of protecting us from the overwhelming reality. Thoughts like "this can't be happening" or "it's just a bad dream" might surface as we struggle to comprehend the finality of the loss. Anger As the reality of the loss sinks in, feelings of anger may emerge. We might question why this happened or feel anger towards the unfairness of the situation. Anger can be directed at various sources - illness, fate, or even towards the departed for leaving us. Bargaining During this stage, it's not uncommon to find ourselves bargaining or making deals in our minds. We may ruminate on thoughts like "If only we had detected it earlier" or "If I had done something differently." We seek ways to negotiate with the situation, attempting to reverse what has already occurred. Depression Grief often brings waves of profound sadness and emptiness. This phase can be marked by feelings of deep sorrow, loneliness, and a lack of motivation or interest in things that were once enjoyable. It's important to allow oneself to feel and process these emotions rather than suppress them. Acceptance Acceptance doesn't mean forgetting or being unaffected by the loss. It signifies coming to terms with the reality of the situation and finding a way to move forward while cherishing the memories and honoring the life of the departed. It's a gradual process and doesn't happen in a linear fashion. Finding Meaning and Healing Throughout these stages, it's essential to acknowledge that grief is a personal journey. There is no 'right' or 'wrong' way to grieve, and each individual's experience is unique. Finding support from friends, family, support groups, or seeking professional help can be invaluable in navigating the grieving process. Remembering the friends we have lost to metastatic breast cancer as a source of inspiration, celebrating their lives, and cherishing the memories we shared can contribute to finding solace amidst the pain. Finding purpose or meaning in the loss by supporting causes related to breast cancer, fundraising for research, or volunteering can also aid in the healing process. SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources on Grief #104. End of Life Can Be Beautiful with Christy Knutson #108. What is Grief & Giving Yourself Permission | Kelly Grosklags #111 Complicated Grief and Caregiver Bereavement | The Caregiver Perspective 149. What to Say and Not Say to Your Children about Death and Grief 153. Grief Is Something No One Wants To Talk About, Yet It Effects Literally Everyone 180. Survivors Grief, Family, and Managing Progression with Amy, Amanda and Claudia As we mourn the loss of our dear friends to metastatic breast cancer, it's okay to seek comfort in each other, reminisce about the beautiful moments, and find strength in the love and support that surrounds us. Together, may we honor their memory, celebrate their life, and find solace in our shared journey of healing.

Breast cancer is a life-altering experience, not just for the individuals diagnosed but also for their loved ones. It's a time when fears and uncertainties surface, requiring personal courage and the delicate task of sharing this life-changing news with your loved ones. Breast cancer can bring about significant changes in personal relationships, creating shifts in family dynamics, friendships, and romantic relationships . Relationships can be strained under the weight of breast cancer treatment and beyond. Understanding how to maintain and adapt relationships during and after breast cancer treatment is crucial for emotional support and recovery. A robust support system is vital, yet breast cancer often brings intricate interpersonal dynamics to the forefront.   To navigate these complexities, we offer insightful tips on fostering and maintaining relationships throughout your treatment and in the transformative period that follows. The following guidelines will empower you and your loved ones, strengthening bonds in the face of adversity. Family Dynamics Family members may struggle with fear and uncertainty, which can lead to changes in their behavior toward their loved one with breast cancer. It's essential for family members to seek support, possibly through resources like the Family Caregiver Alliance . Romantic Relationships Breast cancer often has profound impacts on romantic relationships , altering dynamics in ways both challenging and subtle. The physical and emotional toll of treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery can lead to significant changes in body image, sexual desire, and overall energy levels. These changes often require partners to adopt new roles, fostering deeper communication, understanding, and patience.  The experience can bring couples closer as they navigate the complexities of support, caregiving, and emotional intimacy. However, it can also strain relationships as partners grapple with fear, uncertainty, and the demands of ongoing care. Breast cancer often necessitates a redefinition of intimacy and partnership, requiring both individuals to adapt to new realities and find strength in each other's support and resilience. Friendships Breast cancer treatment can significantly impact a person's social life, including friendships. When someone undergoes physical and emotional changes from treatment, their ability to maintain social activities and interactions may decrease. Friends may struggle with how to offer support, sometimes leading to misunderstandings or distancing. People going through breast cancer treatment might feel isolated due to their health situation or the side effects of treatment, such as fatigue or mood changes. Sometimes, these challenges can also strengthen friendships, as some friends may become more empathetic, understanding, and supportive. They might engage in new, more accommodating activities and provide a listening ear or a shoulder to lean on, deepening the bonds of friendship. However, the dynamic changes brought on by breast cancer treatment necessitate sensitivity and adaptability from both the person with breast cancer and their friends. Communication Strategies Deciding what to share about your cancer diagnosis and choosing who to share it with is an intensely personal decision. It's important to move forward in a way that feels most comfortable and right for you now. To assist you in navigating through the potential communication challenges, here are some tips and suggestions that may prove helpful. Telling Family and Friends Be direct and honest.  Don't beat around the bush. Explain your diagnosis simply and clearly, reducing confusion and speculation. Share details like your cancer stage and treatment plan, if you’re comfortable. Let people know how they can help.  Give loved ones guidance on what you need: help with meals, rides to treatment, childcare, or simply emotional support. People want to be there for you, but may not know how. Accept offers of help.  Don't feel like you need to take on everything yourself. Let family and friends contribute where possible; it makes them feel helpful. Set boundaries if needed.  Be direct and let people know if they’re being overbearing or if you need space. You get to decide what support works best for you. Connect people to resources.  Share information from organizations like SurvivingBreastCancer.org   on how people can be supportive caregivers. Handling Relationship Dynamics Talk openly with your partner.  Maintaining intimacy may be challenging with body image concerns or medications affecting libido. Discuss your needs and concerns openly.  Seek counseling if needed.  A cancer diagnosis can strain even the healthiest relationships. Professional help can provide tools to navigate challenges. Your care team can recommend counseling resources. Connect with support groups.  Speaking with others in a similar place can provide perspective.  Make time for yourself.  Give yourself space for self-care like journaling, gentle exercise, or other enjoyable hobbies . You need to look after your mental health first. Set boundaries with friends.  It's okay to not feel up for social events or hosting. True friends will understand your needs. Be honest about your energy and comfort levels. SurvivingBreastCancer.org  provides many opportunities to meet others facing breast cancer to ensure you’re never alone. Instead, you’re surrounded by others who have similar experiences. We offer several peer-to-peer online meetups , including all stages and types of breast cancer, metastatic breast cancer (MBC), inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), and a Spanish-language meetup. Rebuilding Intimacy During and After Treatment Communicate your needs.  Speak openly with your partner about what types and levels of intimacy you feel ready or not ready for. Maintaining intimacy  may be challenging with body image concerns or medications affecting libido. Discuss your needs and concerns openly. Go slowly. Give affection freely.  Non-sexual intimacy, like hugging or hand-holding, builds emotional closeness. Affection can pave the way for sexual intimacy later. Consider couples counseling.  Many couples benefit from having an impartial third party help them work through intimacy challenges during and after treatment. Don't be afraid to get professional help. Explore new approaches.  If your old ways of being intimate no longer feel right, brainstorm new ideas together. Intimacy can take many forms. Use aids if needed.  Products like lubricants or vaginal dilators can aid physical readiness for intercourse. Shop together to reduce shyness. Focus on pleasure.  Intercourse may not be possible initially. Explore other activities you both find pleasurable, like massage. Remove pressure. Rebuilding intimacy after a breast cancer diagnosis requires patience, communication, and commitment. With time, openness, and experimentation, you can reconnect and resume your sex life. Support organizations can provide guidance specific to your situation. Don't be afraid to seek help. Count On Us for Information, Resources, and Support   Navigating relationships during and after breast cancer treatment is complex and requires patience, understanding, and open communication. Utilizing resources and seeking professional help can ease this process, providing the support needed for you and your loved ones. Whether you’re newly diagnosed with breast cancer , are navigating survivorship, or are the loved one of someone experiencing breast cancer, you can count on SurvivingBreastCancer.org to keep you informed. We provide educational information to help you better understand symptoms , testing, treatment options , surgery, etc., and podcasts  that feature professionals, advocates, and caregivers who share valuable information. Your donations  enable SurvivingBreastCancer.org to offer resources and support every day, every month, and every year.   Note: This article is designed to provide general information and not replace professional medical advice. Always discuss your options with your healthcare provider. Learn more: Cancer Etiquette: How to Talk With Loved Ones About Their Breast Cancer How To Be Helpful When A Loved One Is Sick Cancer Caregivers: Contending with Change Breast Cancer and Intimacy On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations Sexual Health and Breast Cancer with Dr. Bober SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetup s Free Events

In the realm of breast cancer treatment, advancements in targeted therapies have revolutionized the landscape, offering new hope and improved outcomes for patients. Among these breakthroughs, the emergence of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors has sparked considerable enthusiasm and transformed the paradigm of breast cancer management. Decoding CDK4/6: Unveiling the Molecular Players CDK4/6 enzymes play a pivotal role in regulating cell cycle progression by partnering with cyclin proteins to facilitate cell division. In breast cancer, aberrant activity of CDK4/6 promotes uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, contributing to tumor progression. The advent of CDK4/6 inhibitors marks a significant milestone in targeted therapy by specifically targeting these enzymes. The Role of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Breast Cancer Treatment CDK4/6 inhibitors, including Ibrance (palbociclib), Kisqali (ribociclib), and Verzenio (abemaciclib), which is now used in early-stage breast cancer, have emerged as a potent class of drugs that impede (inhibit!) the activity of CDK4/6 enzymes, halting the uncontrolled cell division characteristic of breast cancer cells. These inhibitors work by binding to CDK4/6, preventing their interaction with cyclin proteins and interrupting the signaling pathways responsible for driving cancer cell growth. By inducing cell cycle arrest (a stopping point in the cell cycle, where it is no longer involved in the processes surrounding duplication and division ) , CDK4/6 inhibitors exert their anti-cancer effects, ultimately slowing tumor progression. Clinical Efficacy in Breast Cancer: A Game-Changer in Therapy CDK4/6 inhibitors have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancers, particularly in combination with endocrine therapies. When used in conjunction with hormonal therapies such as aromatase inhibitors or fulvestrant, CDK4/6 inhibitors exhibit synergistic effects, significantly delaying disease progression and improving overall survival rates in both metastatic and early-stage breast cancer. Potential Side Effects and Management Strategies While generally well-tolerated, CDK4/6 inhibitors may cause certain side effects, including: Neutropenia: Reduced neutrophil counts leading to increased infection risk. Fatigue: Feelings of tiredness or weakness. Gastrointestinal Issues: Nausea, diarrhea, or vomiting. Proactive management strategies include regular blood tests to monitor neutrophil levels, supportive care to alleviate symptoms, and dosage adjustments as necessary. Expanding Horizons: Ongoing Research and Future Directions The success of CDK4/6 inhibitors has sparked ongoing research endeavors to further optimize their use and explore their efficacy in different breast cancer subtypes. Clinical trials are investigating novel combinations of CDK4/6 inhibitors with immunotherapies, HER2-targeted therapies, endocrine therapy, and other emerging treatments, aiming to enhance treatment outcomes and expand options for patients. For example, the Natalee trial, a global Phase III multi-center at the time of this blog post, is a randomized, open-label trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kisqali® (ribociclib) with endocrine therapy as an investigational adjuvant (after surgery) treatment versus endocrine therapy alone in patients with stage II and III HR+/HER2- EBC. Results previously announced at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting 2023 showed Kisqali plus endocrine therapy, compared to endocrine therapy alone, lowered the risk of cancer recurrence by 25.2%. Novartis announced similar findings during the 2023 results from the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS) , noting a reduction in risk of disease recurrence in people with stage II and III hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) early breast cancer (EBC) treated with adjuvant Kisqali plus a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor as standard endocrine therapy compared to endocrine therapy alone. Embracing the Promise of CDK4/6 Inhibitors CDK4/6 inhibitors have emerged as a cornerstone in breast cancer therapy, reshaping treatment paradigms and offering renewed hope to patients. Their synergistic effects with endocrine therapies, coupled with their manageable side effect profile, underscore their significance in improving outcomes for patients with HR+/HER2- breast cancer. As research continues to unravel the complexities of CDK4/6 inhibitors and their role in breast cancer treatment, their integration into routine clinical practice heralds a new era of precision medicine, promising enhanced therapeutic benefits and improved quality of life for breast cancer patients. We Want To Hear From You Are you on a CDK 4/6 inhibitor? What has your experience been? We would love to hear from you and share your story!

Talking about death is important. This statement may seem obvious to some, but it is a topic that is often avoided or treated as taboo in many cultures. However, discussing death openly and honestly can have numerous benefits for individuals and society as a whole. In episode 213 of Breast Cancer Conversations , we speak with Gabi Dias , a trained death doula who empowers individuals with end-of-life choices.  213. Breaking the Silence on End-of-Life: Connecting Birth, Life, and Death with Curiosity with Gabi Dias Continue reading to learn more about why talking about death is so important and how a death doula can help support this important chapter of an individual’s life. First and foremost, talking about death allows us to confront our own mortality. Death is an inevitable part of life, and acknowledging this reality can help us live more fully and appreciate the time we have. By discussing death, we can reflect on what is truly important to us and make the most of our lives. Furthermore, discussing death can help alleviate fear and stigma surrounding the topic. Many people find death to be a frightening and uncomfortable subject, but avoiding it only perpetuates these negative emotions. By openly talking about death, we can normalize the conversation and reduce the fear and anxiety associated with it. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals facing terminal illnesses or those who have experienced the loss of a loved one. In addition, discussing death allows us to make important decisions and plans for the end of life. By openly communicating our wishes and preferences, we can ensure that our desires are respected and that our loved ones are not burdened with difficult decisions during a time of grief. This includes discussing topics such as funeral arrangements, end-of-life medical care, and estate planning. Having these conversations in advance can provide peace of mind and make the grieving process easier for those left behind. What is a Death Doula? A death doula, also known as an end-of-life doula or a death midwife, is a trained and compassionate individual who provides emotional, spiritual, and practical support to people who are nearing the end of their lives and their families. Much like a birth doula who assists with childbirth, a death doula helps individuals navigate the dying process with dignity and comfort. It’s important to note that while death doulas provide valuable support, they are not medical professionals. They complement the care provided by healthcare professionals and hospice teams, but do not provide medical treatment or make medical decisions. Death doulas have gained recognition and popularity in recent years as more people seek a holistic and person-centered approach to end-of-life care. How Can a Death Doula Empower End-of-Life Choices? A death doula empowers end-of-life choices by providing education, support, and companionship during the dying process. The doula’s main goal is to ensure that individuals have the best end-of-life experience possible, whether that be through a home funeral or a green burial. One of the key aspects of the doula’s role is to teach individuals that a home funeral is a viable option. Many people may not be aware that they have the choice to have a funeral in the comfort of their own home. This alternative can be just as beautiful and even more profound than a traditional funeral outside of the home. The doula is there to educate and empower individuals to make the best decision for themselves and their loved ones. In addition to teaching about home funerals, a doula can educate individuals about green burials. In today’s world, it is important to consider the impact we have on the planet and the legacy we leave behind for future generations. Doulas typically emphasize the importance of discussing last wishes and making choices that align with one’s values and beliefs. Companionship is another vital aspect of the doula’s role. The doula is there to hold space for individuals, providing loving awareness and support without trying to fix or take away their decisions. This companionship is crucial during a time that can often feel isolating and filled with guilt and shame. The doula is there to hold individuals’ hands and empower them through the transitions of the dying process. The doula also provides holistic support, addressing emotional, mental, physical, and spiritual needs. They are non-judgmental and can work with individuals from any walk of life, respecting their beliefs and preferences. The doula’s role is to ensure that individuals’ lives and wishes are honored, creating a safe and supportive environment. This podcast episode also touches on the importance of embracing the fact that death is coming. Regardless of one’s background, financial status, or achievements, death is inevitable. By acknowledging this reality and having open conversations about death, individuals can live life more fully and prepare for the end-of-life journey. Overall, the role of a death doula is to empower individuals and families to make informed choices about their end-of-life process. By providing education, support, and companionship, the doula helps individuals navigate this challenging time with clarity, compassion, and peace. Talking about death and embracing the conversation is essential for personal growth, reducing fear and stigma, and appreciating the preciousness of life. Normalizing Conversations About Birth and Death One of the key aspects we cover in the podcast episode is the normalization of conversations about birth and death. The podcast emphasizes the importance of talking about these natural human experiences and breaking the taboo surrounding them. We discuss how society has forgotten what is normal and how birth and death have become medicalized and removed from the home. Tibetan traditions, for example, approach death in a completely different way. Instead of quickly removing the body, Gabi Dias explains that family members and loved ones sit with the body for three days, celebrating the life that was lived and encouraging the soul to move on. This approach allows for a deeper connection with the dying person and a more meaningful transition. When we openly discuss death, we can offer comfort and support to those who are grieving or facing their own mortality. This sense of community can be incredibly valuable during times of loss and can help individuals feel less alone in their grief. When we confront the reality of death, we are reminded of the preciousness and fragility of life. This can inspire us to live more intentionally, cherish our relationships, and prioritize what truly matters. By embracing the conversation about death, we can cultivate a deeper gratitude for the present moment and a greater sense of purpose in our lives. In the podcast episode with Gabi, we also discuss the fear and anxiety that often surround death. Fear can create a chronic response in the nervous system, leading to increased levels of cortisol and adrenaline. By talking about death and bringing it to light, we can find other ways to approach it that are not as scary as they may seem. We encourage listeners to understand their bodies and their own reality, as the body does not differentiate between real threats and fears in the mind. “Preparing for end-of-life wishes is not about manifesting death, but rather it’s about creating peace of mind for ourselves and our loved ones.” “By being mindful of our environment and relationships, we can avoid wasting vital energy on things that do not bring us life or nourishment. Our thoughts, feelings, and emotions shape our physical body and our overall experiences. Therefore, investing time in having nourishing conversations can be life-giving rather than manifesting death.” “By embracing the unknown, we can approach life with a sense of curiosity and wonder. We can let go of the need for complete understanding and instead focus on being present in the moment. This allows us to fully experience and appreciate the richness and complexity of life.” “Our bodies have a way of communicating with us, often through physical sensations or discomfort. These signals serve as a reminder to stop and pay attention to what is happening internally. By acknowledging these messages and taking the time to pause, we can begin the healing process not only for our physical body but also for our spiritual and emotional well-being.” Check out this episode of Breast Cancer Conversations  to hear the full conversation with professional death doula Gabi Dias. Additional Resources:

A breast cancer diagnosis can be a life-altering event, bringing with it a range of physical and emotional challenges. While medical treatments play a crucial role in the recovery process, complementary therapies like Pilates can offer numerous benefits for breast cancer patients. In this blog, we’ll explore the incredible advantages of incorporating Pilates into your wellness journey during and after breast cancer treatment. From improved physical strength to enhanced emotional well-being, Pilates can provide a holistic approach to healing. Pilates is a form of exercise that focuses on strength, flexibility, and body awareness. It was developed by Joseph Pilates in the early 20th century and has gained popularity worldwide for its ability to improve posture, core strength, and overall physical fitness. In episode 214 of SurvivingBreastCancer.org ’s podcast, Breast Cancer Conversations , Nina Prol, Beverly Breen, and Marie McGuire discuss their personal experiences with Pilates and how it has helped them in their journeys after being diagnosed with breast cancer. Episode 214: The Benefits of Pilates for Breast Cancer Recovery Nina Prol, a registered nurse with 30 years of experience working with adult medical oncology patients, discovered Pilates through a chance encounter with a dance instructor. Intrigued by the instructor’s vitality and strength, Nina decided to join a Pilates class and quickly fell in love with it. She went on to complete a 600-hour certification program and now incorporates Pilates into her work with cancer patients. Nina recognizes the importance of maintaining vitality and strength, especially for older individuals, and believes that Pilates can play a significant role in achieving this. Beverly Breen, an executive assistant who went through breast cancer in 2021, met Nina during her radiation treatment. Nina asked Beverly if she liked Pilates, and although Beverly had only done a little bit of it and some yoga before, she was eager to try. Three years later, Beverly continues to practice Pilates and has even introduced it to her colleagues at work. She describes Pilates as a chance to step aside and find peace, allowing her to take care of herself and feel better. Exercise is Essential for Those Diagnosed with Breast Cancer  Exercise is essential for those diagnosed with breast cancer. This statement holds true for several reasons, as highlighted in our podcast on the benefits of Pilates. First and foremost, exercise helps those diagnosed with breast cancer regain a sense of normalcy in their lives. When diagnosed with cancer, individuals often feel overwhelmed by the disease and may lose their sense of self. Engaging in physical activities provides a much-needed sense of normalcy and control amidst the chaos. Additionally, exercise plays a crucial role in maintaining both mental and physical well-being. A breast cancer diagnosis and treatment can have a significant impact on a person’s mental health, and may lead to anxiety, depression, and body image issues. Exercise has been shown to alleviate these symptoms and improve overall mental well-being. It boosts mood, reduces stress, and increases self-confidence, allowing those diagnosed with breast cancer to feel empowered and in control of their bodies. Pilates is for Everyone   Pilates is not just for athletes or fitness enthusiasts. It is for everyone, including breast cancer survivors. Pilates can help individuals become stronger and better able to lift heavy objects, carry out daily tasks, and engage in activities they enjoy. It is particularly beneficial for individuals who are on treatments that may weaken their bones, such as chemotherapy or aromatase inhibitors. The resistance and spring-based exercises in Pilates can counteract the toxicities of these treatments and help protect bone health. Exercise can alleviate fatigue, improve cardiovascular health, and enhance immune function, all of which contribute to better treatment outcomes and overall quality of life. Moreover, exercise has been linked to improved treatment outcomes. Studies have shown that regular physical activity can enhance the efficacy of cancer treatments. Our podcast episode highlights Pilates as a low-impact exercise that focuses on strength, flexibility, and body awareness and has proven to be beneficial for those diagnosed with cancer. It helps rebuild strength, improve posture, and enhance mobility, which are often compromised during treatment and living with metastatic disease. Pilates also promotes body awareness and mindfulness, allowing participants to connect with their bodies and foster a positive relationship with themselves. 5 Benefits of Pilates: Lymphatic system support: Breast cancer treatments can disrupt the lymphatic system, leading to swelling and discomfort, commonly known as lymphedema. Pilates exercises that focus on controlled movements and deep breathing can promote lymphatic flow and reduce the risk of lymphedema development or exacerbation. Improved posture and body awareness: Pilates places a strong emphasis on proper posture and body awareness, which can be particularly beneficial for breast cancer patients who may experience changes in their posture due to surgery or discomfort. Regular Pilates practice can help patients regain their postural alignment and increase body awareness, reducing the risk of musculoskeletal issues. Stress reduction: A breast cancer diagnosis often comes with significant emotional stress and anxiety. Pilates, with its focus on controlled breathing and relaxation techniques, can be a powerful stress-reduction tool. Engaging in Pilates can help patients manage their stress levels, improve sleep quality, and enhance their overall emotional well-being. Enhanced core strength: Many Pilates exercises target the core muscles, which can be particularly beneficial for breast cancer patients. Improved core strength can aid in better balance and stability, reducing the risk of falls and injuries, especially during the recovery phase. Rehabilitation and pain management: Pilates can be customized to suit each patient’s unique needs and limitations. This adaptability makes it an excellent choice for rehabilitation and pain management, allowing breast cancer survivors to gradually regain their strength and mobility. Pilates Offers Social Support and Community Participating in Pilates classes or group sessions can provide a sense of community and support for breast cancer patients. Sharing experiences and challenges with others who are going through similar journeys can be incredibly empowering and motivating. If you are curious about the benefits of Pilates, we encourage you to check out one of our movement classes  that offer a safe and supportive environment where you can engage in physical activity, connect with others facing similar challenges, and receive guidance from experienced instructors like Nina. Check out this episode of Breast Cancer Conversations  to hear the full conversation on Pilates for breast cancer recovery with Nina Prol, Beverly Breen, and Marie McGuire . SBC's Event Calendar: Join us for Pilates, Yoga, Meditation, and more! https://www.survivingbreastcancer.org/events

By Kiara Ford For help, contact the Domestic Violence Hotline: 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) Chat online: thehotline.org Resources: ncadv.org/resources Text "START" to 88788 Breast cancer and domestic violence are, unfortunately, connected in many ways, including the fact that they share October as their respective awareness months. They are both important, complex topics that need to be addressed in their own unique ways; however, it is also worth examining their overlaps. As difficult as it is to acknowledge, there is an undeniable link between a breast cancer diagnosis and domestic violence, and although there is only one month dedicated to these subjects, these are conversations that can and should be happening year-round. Keep reading to learn more about the intersection of disability and domestic violence, how cancer can change a relationship, and the unique challenges people with cancer face when experiencing intimate partner violence. Links Between Breast Cancer and Domestic Violence Breast cancer and domestic violence are similar in the fact that, although they can happen to anyone, they are most commonly experienced by women. One in three  women has experienced some form of physical violence from an intimate partner, and this rate increases in the case of people with disabilities. Disabled women have a 40% higher chance  of experiencing intimate partner violence than non-disabled women, and the instances of violence are typically more frequent and severe . Breast cancer is included as a disability by the ADA , and there is no denying that the circumstances of a breast cancer diagnosis can place someone in a more vulnerable position for domestic abuse.  The stress of a cancer diagnosis changes relationships . Experts agree that cancer exacerbates patterns of behavior , both positive and negative, and can sometimes intensify the anger of partners who previously demonstrated aggressive behavior. Combined with the fact that breast cancer and its treatment can affect sexual function, this change can result in increased rates  of sexual violence within relationships. Studies   and anecdotal experience alike have found post-mastectomy sexual violence to be a “present phenomenon.”   The Dilemma for Domestic Violence Victims It is never simple or easy to leave a domestic abuse situation, and breast cancer can create even more barriers to doing so. The financial burden of cancer treatment can tie the patient to their abuser economically, or they may be forced to rely on their partner’s daily support due to the physical limitations created by cancer. The inherent power differential created by a breast cancer diagnosis creates a set of circumstances that enables abusers.  Breast cancer and domestic violence can both carry a great deal of shame. Many people view them as private issues, making them difficult to discuss outside of the home. Nevertheless, it is vital that these discussions do take place in order to destigmatize these experiences and create pathways forward. It is crucial to understand more not just about breast cancer and domestic violence individually, but also their unique intersections and the people affected by them, such as increased barriers to leaving, increased rates of sexual violence, and increased rates of frequency and severity of physical violence. For help, contact the Domestic Violence Hotline: 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) Chat online: thehotline.org Resources: ncadv.org/resources Text "START" to 88788 Learn More: No Less of a Woman: Standing Tall Through Hardships Partner Abandonment and Cancer The Psychological Impact of Breast Cancer: Strategies for Coping SBC Webinar Recording: Domestic Violence & Cancer A bout the Author: Kiara Ford is a recent graduate of Emerson College, where she majored in communication studies and minored in health and society. She is currently a community health worker trainee with the non-profit organization Asian Women for Health. She is passionate about patient advocacy and health equity, and hopes to raise awareness and increase understanding of patients’ rights through her work. From the Same Author: Datopotamab Deruxtecan Shows Promise in Clinical Trials Metastatic Breast Cancer: Understanding the Significance of Stage IV Breast Cancer and Healthcare Access Within the Hispanic Community Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Breaking Down the Basics

Breast reconstruction surgery plays a vital role in the physical and emotional recovery for many individuals who have undergone mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery. Understanding the options, considerations, and recovery aspects of breast reconstruction is crucial for making informed decisions and promoting post-surgical well-being. There are many different reconstruction techniques available. Take the time to learn about the breast reconstruction options and consider talking to others who have had that procedure before you make a decision. ​Types of Breast Reconstruction Different breast reconstruction procedures serve different purposes and preferences for breast cancer survivors. One of the following operations may help you realize your individual reconstruction goals and situation: Implant-Based Reconstruction:   Implant-based breast reconstruction may be possible if the mastectomy or radiation therapy has left sufficient tissue on the chest wall to cover and support a breast implant. Involves using saline or silicone implants to reconstruct the breast mound. It may require multiple surgeries to achieve the desired size and shape. Autologous (Flap) Reconstruction:   For patients with insufficient tissue on the chest wall, or for those who don't desire implants, breast reconstruction will require a flap technique (also known as autologous reconstruction). This uses the patient's own tissue, often from the abdomen, back, or thighs, to reconstruct the breast. It results in a more natural-looking and feeling breast, but is a longer and more complex surgery. Combination Reconstruction:  Utilizes a combination of implants and autologous tissue to reconstruct the breast. Implants Above or Under the Muscle Immediate Breast Reconstruction Above the Pectoral Muscle This procedure is performed in combination with the mastectomy and results in an immediate breast mound. After the mastectomy has been performed by the breast surgeon, the plastic surgeon will place the breast implant, wrapped in a biological mesh known as acellular dermal matrix (ADM), to help the implant maintain correct anatomic position, above the pectoralis muscle. ​ With this procedure, recuperation may be more rapid because the muscle in the chest has not been elevated. Further, the breast implant itself is not influenced by the contraction of the muscle. Immediate Breast Reconstruction Under the Pectoral Muscle This procedure is also performed in combination with the mastectomy and results in an immediate breast mound. The incision is generally performed through the mastectomy site. Once the mastectomy is completed, the plastic surgeon will elevate the pectoralis major muscle. This will allow the muscle to retract upward and allow a pocket to be developed underneath the muscle and at the bottom of the normal breast position. A biodegradable acellular dermal matrix (ADM) will be placed at the bottom of the breast or inframammary crease and attached to the muscle. The breast implant will be placed under the ADM and your own muscle. This allows the breast implant to settle in a normal position, and the ADM stretches into a pleasing, rounded lower breast shape. It is not uncommon to have drains placed with this procedure. They may be removed anywhere from 48 hours to 2 weeks after surgery. This procedure is a one-staged procedure, which allows the desired shape to result without any further surgical intervention. The muscle on top of the implant will help prevent the development of upper pole wrinkling. Complications, while rare, may include skin loss, excess bleeding, infection, malposition of the breast implant so that asymmetry occurs, wrinkling or rippling of the implant, possible fluid collection underneath the implant and/or prosthesis deflation. Delayed Breast Reconstruction Utilizing Tissue Expander The initial portion of this procedure entails the breast surgeon performing a standard mastectomy and possible axillary dissection. In many instances, a drain will be placed between the muscle and the skin of the mastectomy. ​ Once these procedures have been performed, the plastic surgeon will divide the lower pole of the chest wall muscle, elevate the chest wall muscle and the lateral chest muscle together upwards towards the collarbone. After that is done, the muscle and tissue below are elevated together to form the pocket for the breast expander at the base of the breast or the inframammary crease. The pocket is made large enough for the expander to be placed and the muscle closed. Occasionally, there is a need for placement of a small amount of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) to assist in the closure of the muscle. Two Types of Breast Tissue Expander Ports: One, similar to a chemotherapy port, is placed separately from the tissue expander, usually along the rib cage. This will require a separate small incision for the port. The second type is a port that is contained within the expander itself. In both instances, the ports will be used to inflate the tissue expander over several visits with saline solution. The port is accessed with a small needle, and saline is injected into the expander through the port site ​ Tissue expansion usually occurs weekly according to patient tolerance. The volume of the tissue expanders commonly exceeds the weight of the mastectomy tissue. Once the final tissue expansion, or stretching, is completed, there will be a time of passive expansion where little to no volume is added to the tissue expanders. This allows the muscle and skin to stretch and relax. The length of time will vary from patient to patient. Once this is completed, a second outpatient procedure will be necessary to remove the tissue expander and place the permanent breast prosthesis. Complications, while rare, may include skin loss, exposure of the expander, excess bleeding, infection, malposition of the implant so that asymmetry occurs, wrinkling or rippling of the implant, possible fluid collection underneath the implant, pain at the injection site, muscle spasms with expansion, and unfavorable scarring. Immediate Breast Tissue Expander Placement The surgical process for saline breast tissue expanders and breast expanders following mastectomy is the same. Expanders with saline have been used for decades, but recently, a new type of expander using air, which allows for more patient control, has been introduced. Expanders have some of the same complication rates and risks as the other types of breast reconstruction, which include infection, seroma, hematoma, extrusion, and expander deflation. The expander is placed into a sub-muscular or subcutaneous space with no external filling ability. The expander will fill with compressed air contained within the expander itself. The patient will do self-controlled expander fills utilizing an external automatic activation device at home and will achieve similar results to the standard saline-filled tissue expansion devices. It will be necessary to monitor the incisions and progress on your own and contact the physician if you feel there is something wrong. The advantage of the expander it that it may decrease doctor visits and decrease total expansion time. Considerations Before Surgery Health Factors:  Assessing overall health and discussing surgical risks with the healthcare team is crucial before opting for reconstruction. Timing of Reconstruction:  Reconstruction can be immediate (at the same time as mastectomy) or delayed (after completing cancer treatments). Expectations and Goals:  Discussing expectations regarding the surgical outcomes, including breast appearance, size, and symmetry, is essential. Reconstruction Techniques:  Exploring various reconstruction options and understanding their implications helps in making informed choices. Recovery Period and Expectations Hospital Stay:  Depending on the type of reconstruction, hospital stays can vary from one to several days. Pain Management:  Managing post-surgical discomfort through prescribed medications and follow-up appointments is crucial. Physical Limitations:  Patients may experience restricted arm movement initially, requiring time to heal and gradually regain mobility. Support Garments:  Special bras or compression garments might be recommended to support healing and reduce swelling. Emotional and Psychological Support Counseling and Support Groups:  Connecting with others who have undergone similar experiences can provide emotional support and valuable insights. Body Image and Self-Esteem:  Adjusting to changes in body image after surgery can be challenging. Seek support to address these concerns. Recovery Timeline:  Understand that emotional healing might take longer than physical recovery. Being patient with oneself is essential. Follow-Up Care and Long-Term Monitoring Regular follow-up appointments with healthcare providers are necessary to monitor the reconstructed breast, assess healing, and address any concerns or complications.

Breast cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers among women, can be categorized into two main types: hereditary and sporadic. Understanding the distinctions between these types is crucial as they differ in causes, risk factors, and implications for treatment and prevention. Hereditary (or Familial) Breast Cancer Hereditary breast cancer accounts for a small percentage (5-10%) of all breast cancer cases and is primarily caused by inherited genetic mutations. Some of the most common genes for detecting mutations are the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. However, there are several more worth noting: ATM, TP53, PTEN, PALB2, CHK1etc.  Key Characteristics: Genetic Mutations:  Inherited mutations in specific genes like BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, TP53, PTEN, etc., significantly increase the risk of breast cancer. Family History:  Individuals with a strong family history of breast cancer across generations, especially at younger ages, might have an increased likelihood of hereditary breast cancer. Risk Factors:  Women with genetic mutations have a higher risk of developing breast cancer, often at an earlier age. Implications: Risk Assessment:  Genetic testing and counseling for individuals with a family history of breast cancer aid in identifying hereditary factors. Preventive Measures:  Prophylactic surgeries, like mastectomy or oophorectomy, might be considered to reduce the risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer. Targeted Treatments:  Knowing the genetic mutation type can guide treatment decisions, such as targeted therapies or PARP inhibitors for BRCA-mutated cancers. Sporadic Breast Cancer Sporadic breast cancer, accounting for the majority of cases (90-95%), occurs without any apparent inherited genetic predisposition. Sporadic breast cancer means there is no risk of the person passing the gene on to their children. The underlying cause of sporadic breast cancer is a combination of internal, or hormonal, exposures; lifestyle factors; environmental factors; and normal physiology, such as DNA replication. Key Characteristics: Random Occurrence:  Sporadic breast cancer arises without a clear genetic predisposition or familial inheritance pattern. Risk Factors:  Factors such as age, reproductive history, hormone levels, lifestyle choices (like smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity), and environmental exposures contribute to sporadic breast cancer risk. Implications: Early Detection:  Regular screenings, mammograms, and self-examinations are vital for early detection and improved outcomes in sporadic breast cancer. If you have a genetic predisposition, you may consider a preventative surgery (prophylactic mastectomy)  Lifestyle Modifications:  Adopting a healthy lifestyle, maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, limiting alcohol consumption, and avoiding tobacco can help reduce the risk of sporadic breast cancer. Treatment Approach:  Treatment plans focus on factors like tumor type, stage, and hormone receptor status, rather than genetic mutations. Conclusion: Importance of Understanding the Differences Understanding the differences between hereditary and sporadic breast cancer is essential for risk assessment, preventive measures, treatment decisions, and overall management. Genetic counseling, regular screenings, healthy lifestyle choices, and personalized treatment plans are crucial aspects in addressing both types of breast cancer effectively.