Breast cancer is a global concern, touching the lives of countless women. What if we could better understand its roots, specifically the role of our hormones? Continue reading as we unravel the intimate dance between hormones and breast cancer. In this article, we’ll review what hormones are commonly associated with breast cancer and differentiate between types of breast cancer and treatment based on hormone status. What Are Hormones? Hormones are chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands in our body. They travel through the bloodstream to tissues and organs, influencing many bodily processes, including growth, metabolism, and reproductive functions. Among the many hormones, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone are particularly relevant when it comes to breast cancer. Hormonal Influence on Breast Cancer According to the National Cancer Institute, breast cancer’s growth can sometimes be fueled by the body’s natural female hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone. These cancer cells possess receptors on their surface, which can bind to these hormones circulating in the body. As a result, hormone receptors — proteins that pick up hormone signals — are routinely tested during a breast cancer diagnosis. Understanding the hormone sensitivity of your breast cancer assists your doctor in determining the most effective treatment strategy or in preventing recurrence. Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: When breast cancer cells have receptors for estrogen and progesterone, they are termed ER-positive or PR-positive, respectively. They rely on these hormones to grow. Hormone Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer: If breast cancer cells lack these receptors, termed ER-negative or PR-negative, they don’t rely on hormones for growth and usually require different treatment approaches. Estrogen and Breast Cancer Estrogen is an important hormone involved in the normal development of breast tissue. It promotes cell growth and division in the breasts and other areas of the body. However, prolonged exposure to high estrogen levels over time increases the risk of developing breast cancer. Several factors can lead to excessive cumulative estrogen exposure: Early onset of menstruation (before age 12) Late onset of menopause (after age 55) Obesity Hormone replacement therapy Alcohol consumption Approximately 60% to 70% of all breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, meaning the cancer cells have estrogen receptors and depend on estrogen for growth. For those with ER-positive breast cancer, standard treatment involves blocking estrogen’s effects or reducing estrogen levels. Progesterone and Breast Cancer Progesterone is another hormone that controls breast development and growth. Excessive exposure to progesterone over time may also contribute to breast cancer risk. Research shows that progesterone receptors (PR) are present in about 60% of breast cancers. Of the different hormone receptor statuses, breast cancer that is both ER-positive and PR-positive tends to have a more favorable prognosis and more successful treatment outcomes. However, some breast cancers are ER-positive and PR-negative. These cancers tend to be more aggressive and have lower survival rates than ER/PR double-positive breast cancers. ER/PR Negative, Triple-Negative, and Triple-Positive Breast Cancer Hormone receptor-negative breast cancer cells lack receptors for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR), meaning these cancer cells do not increase in response to hormonal influences. Approximately 25-30% of all breast cancer cases are represented by this type of breast cancer. In triple-positive breast cancer, the proliferation of tumor cells is primarily influenced by the presence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a protein commonly found in breast cells. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are characterized by the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors and do not overexpress the HER2 protein. This type of cancer is more prevalent in women under 40 years old, particularly among Black women or those with a mutation in the BRCA1 gene. Testosterone, Androgens, and Breast Cancer Both men and women produce testosterone and other androgens. In men, androgens are responsible for male sex characteristics. However, higher levels of circulating androgens originating from the adrenal glands are linked to increased breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Testosterone and other androgens may directly stimulate breast cell growth or get converted in fat tissue to estrogen, which can then spur cancer development and progression. Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer and is associated with higher androgen levels. While much more research is still needed, targeting androgen activity is an emerging area of interest for specific breast cancer treatments. Hormone Therapy and Breast Cancer Treatment Hormone therapies, like tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, are designed to block the effects of hormones or reduce their levels in the body. They are especially beneficial for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. Tamoxifen: Blocks estrogen’s effect on breast cancer cells. Aromatase Inhibitors: Lower the amount of estrogen produced in postmenopausal women. Ovarian Suppression: Premenopausal women might receive treatments to stop the ovaries from producing estrogen. Although they are considered effective, hormone therapies can have side effects. Discuss potential risks and benefits with your healthcare professional. Count On Us for Information, Resources, and Support Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and other hormones play significant and complex roles in the origins and behavior of breast cancer. Understanding these relationships has led to improved risk assessment, screening, prevention, and treatment approaches that consider hormone receptor status and other factors. Continued research on hormone-related mechanisms will help further advance breast cancer care and outcomes. Whether you’re newly diagnosed with breast cancer, are navigating survivorship, or are the loved one of someone experiencing breast cancer, you can count on SurvivingBreastCancer.org to keep you informed. We provide educational information to help you better understand symptoms, testing, treatment options, surgery, etc., and podcasts that feature professionals, advocates, and caregivers who share valuable information. Your donations enable SurvivingBreastCancer.org to offer resources and support every day, every month, and every year. Note: This article is designed to provide general information and not replace professional medical advice. Always discuss your options with your healthcare provider. Learn more: Excess Estrogen, Gene Testing, and Beyond The Promise of the Triple Negative Breast Cancer Vaccine Newly Diagnosed Different Types of Breast Cancer Understanding Your Pathology Report On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations Triple Positive Breast Cancer Under 30 SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetups Free Events

By Sara Kandler One doctor helped me save my father when no one would listen. Then I got cancer too, and he really seemed to care. He asked for my surgery date, and told me: “Stage one is extremely curable.” A big title and a formidable brain — I believed him. I love my husband a ton. It was Covid, and he accompanied me as much as they’d allow. He kept my secrets until I’d lurched over each hurdle, and gently advised me that we probably couldn’t invite my doctor friend for dinner. Youssef grounded me; my medicine man filled me with hope. Follow Sara on Medium: @sarakandler Share your poetry: https://www.survivingbreastcancer.org/submit-breast-cancer-story SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetups Free Events

By Briana Rickertsen When I imagined my first wedding anniversary, I envisioned drinking bubbly while exploring a fun mountain town. While I ended up enjoying that bubbly, I could never have imagined it would be at the end of my first chemo cycle – during a staycation filled with hand sanitizer, face masks, and social distancing. Let’s back it up to May 2020. It was about six weeks into the COVID-19 pandemic. I noticed that my breast tissue felt off. I couldn’t find a lump, but I found myself thinking that my right side felt different than my left. I noticed a drop of blood on a white t-shirt and realized it came from my nipple. And yes, I googled what this could be. After a telehealth appointment, diagnostic mammogram, ultrasound, and biopsy, I found out that what I had found in my google search was true. I was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma on July 1, 2020 at the age of 35. The next four weeks were a whirlwind of daily appointments to prepare for chemotherapy, a failed attempt at fertility preservation, and the discovery that I had a BRCA2 mutation – all while learning this new medical language. While my cancer was aggressive, so was the treatment. I began 20 weeks of chemotherapy (Adriamycin and Cytoxan followed by Taxol) at the end of July. I knew from the day of my diagnosis that I would have chemo, followed by surgery and then likely radiation. Finding out I had a BRCA2 mutation was a shock, but ultimately this helped to make necessary decisions about surgery options and future treatment approaches. I decided to have a bilateral mastectomy after chemo, and a preventative oophorectomy later that year. I was coming out of the rough days of my first chemo cycle when my first wedding anniversary arrived. I had started to pick up energy, and I was able to thoroughly enjoy the surprise staycation my husband planned. While our wedding vows had talked more about adventuring and not saying no to making additional bike purchases, he didn’t need a more traditional vow of sickness or health to be with me every step of the way. Sometimes I feel as though getting diagnosed with cancer during the height of the pandemic would be my first choice if I had to choose when to get diagnosed with a horrible disease. I also have a relatively dark sense of humor; this discussion has not always landed well when I joke about it. For the most part, everyone was under similar considerations and restrictions, and I wasn’t missing out on international travel (a passion of mine). At the beginning of the pandemic, my husband set my bike up on a trainer and I joined the Peloton app. I was able to ride with my friends before work and it was a wonderful way to move and stay connected during a really unexpected and physically isolating time. By the time I noticed my breast symptoms in May 2020, I was using the Peloton app every day. I enjoyed the variety and the ability to take even 10 minutes a day for myself. When I was diagnosed, I made a commitment to myself to keep up my exercise streak. I rode, walked, practiced yoga and strength, and meditated throughout 16 chemo cycles, five surgeries (port placement, double mastectomy, axillary node dissection, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and implant exchange), five weeks of radiation, and one year of targeted treatment (PHESGO) after my surprise HER2 finding post chemo and surgery. I finished active treatment in January 2022 and as of October 2023, I have continued to use the app or bike in some way every day. While you absolutely do not need the specific branded bike or treadmill to maintain an exercise routine, during radiation I decided after 300 rides on a trainer it was time for an actual Peloton bike. Now that some time has passed since the more intense treatment, I have turned more of my time and energy to help fellow survivors reach exercise and movement recommendations through the Instagram account The Nifty 150. My “think big” goals include being able to have free Peloton app access during treatment for cancer survivors, targeted programming, education, and Peloton equipment in cancer centers (and free rentals for those in rural areas). Exercise and movement were a big part of both my cancer and my pandemic experience. As I continue to learn more every day about the benefits of exercise during and after treatment, I want to advocate for greater accessibility for survivors. I’m grateful to have now celebrated more anniversaries over the last three years. I appreciate the ability to continue to move my body and can’t wait to see where we can go. Connect with Bri: Instagram Read More: Exercise and Breast Cancer 9 Early Warning Signs of Breast Cancer You Shouldn’t Ignore Breast Cancer in Young Women: Common Questions Answered Understanding Genetic Testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations Is it Safe to Exercise After Being Diagnosed with Breast Cancer? Submit Your Story: Story, Poetry, and Blog Submissions

By Maria Montanile I miss my nipple It sailed away To another island Another bay, It used to sit there On a squishy globe Now it sank Into a hole I miss my nipple It used to be So pink and bright and very spongy Goodbye, my chum, I have discovered, I’m happy now Don’t need another Share your poetry: https://www.survivingbreastcancer.org/submit-breast-cancer-story SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetups Free Events

By Kiara Ford A promising breakthrough has recently emerged in the ongoing clinical trials for the datopotamab deruxtecan drug. AstraZeneca and Daiichi Sankyo have been conducting research as part of their TROPION-Breast01 trial, which seeks to determine the effects of datopotamab deruxtecan against single-agent chemotherapy for patients with inoperable or metastatic HR-positive, HER2-low or negative breast cancer who are not candidates for endocrine therapy or have already previously progressed on other interventions. This research is taking place through randomized, multicenter, open label trials with over 700 patients across Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and Africa. Datopotamab deruxtecan is an antibody-drug conjugate, a class of drug which is designed for targeted therapies and most often used in treatment of cancer. There are currently more than 12 clinical trials ongoing worldwide to study the effects of the drug on multiple tumors, with a particular interest in its effects on hormone receptor-positive, HER2-low or negative breast cancer. Breast cancer is classified as “hormone receptor-positive” after a biopsy to collect cancer cells. These cells are then tested to determine whether they contain proteins which can act as receptors for the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Cancer cells with receptors will require these same hormones to grow. Being hormone receptor-positive means that the cancer cells contain receptors for either estrogen, progesterone, or both. Hormone receptor-positive cancer typically grows slower than hormone receptor-negative cancer. HER2-low or negative breast cancer is a categorization based on the level of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) proteins in breast cells. At the right level, HER2 proteins can help control the rate of breast cell growth and maintenance. In cancer patients, however, a high level of HER2 may indicate that the breast cancer is growing and spreading rapidly. Specific drugs and therapies which target HER2 proteins, but patients who are HER2-low or negative typically will not respond well to such treatments. The most recent development from the datopotamab deruxtecan Phase III trials demonstrated that patients whose cancer was hormone receptor-positive and HER2 low or negative had “statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement” toward the end goal of progression-free survival while taking the drug, compared to chemotherapy. Progression-free survival is the amount of time during or after treatment in which a patient continues to live with the disease without disease progression. The datopotamab deruxtecan trials seek to understand the drug’s impact on both progression-free survival and overall survival (the duration of life after initial diagnosis). This most recent study also suggests that datopotamab deruxtecan can have a positive impact on overall survival, but the data is still new and requires further study before any definitive statements are made. These results are just the beginning of Phase III of the drug trials, and a greater understanding of datopotamab deruxtecan’s efficacy will become clearer as more data is gathered. Still, in the meantime, it is encouraging to see the drug yielding positive results for patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer. Learn More: Video: Clinical Trials 101 Clinical Trials Resource Guide Understanding Your Pathology Report: A Comprehensive Step-By-Step Guide Different Types of Breast Cancer On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations Is the Medicine Working? Exploring Treatment Efficacy in Breast Cancer About the Author: Kiara Ford is a recent graduate of Emerson College, where she majored in communication studies and minored in health and society. She is currently a community health worker trainee with the non-profit organization Asian Women for Health. She is passionate about patient advocacy and health equity, and hopes to raise awareness and increase understanding of patients’ rights through her work. From the Same Author: Metastatic Breast Cancer: Understanding the Significance of Stage IV Breast Cancer and Healthcare Access Within the Hispanic Community Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Breaking Down the Basics

By Charlotte De Brabandt When I was lost and afraid, You found me and guided me home. When I was weak and in pain, You gave me strength to carry on. When I was afraid of the unknown, You gave me hope and courage. When I was feeling lost and alone, You were there for me, always. In the midst of shadows, you are our guiding light, A team of healers, strong and bright, Through the storm of breast cancer, we tread, With your support, we rise from where we've bled. In the white coats of hope, you stand so tall, With compassion and care, you give your all, Nurses, doctors, and all who aid, In this battle, together, we've made our trade. Through surgeries and treatments, you've been our guide, With skill and grace, you've stayed by our side, You've witnessed our tears, our laughter, and fears, And wiped away worries with tender care. So, to our medical team, our heroes so dear, You're the reason we're still standing here, For your dedication and firm grace, We'll forever hold your love in embrace. In this breast cancer battle, we find our way, With your support, we'll greet each new day, With gratitude and hearts full of love, We thank you, dear team, for your healing hands, I hope this poem inspires you to keep fighting and never give up, no matter what challenges you are facing. You are strong and brave, and you will get through this. Share your poetry: https://www.survivingbreastcancer.org/submit-breast-cancer-story SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetups Free Events

By Lakysha Laing Turning 50 is a milestone birthday for many people. It’s a time to reflect on the past half-century and to look forward to the next. It’s also a time to celebrate all that you’ve accomplished and to be grateful for the good things in your life. For me, turning 50 is even more special because it’s also my fifth year in remission from breast cancer. October is my birthday month, as well as Breast Cancer Awareness Month. At the age of 45, I was diagnosed with stage 1A, ER & PR+, HER 2- invasive ductal carcinoma, breast cancer. My Oncotype score (used to predict the risk of the cancer coming back and to help doctors decide whether chemotherapy was necessary) was considered high risk at 56 out of 100. My breast cancer diagnosis was a devastating blow, but I was determined to fight. I went through numerous surgeries, eight rounds of chemotherapy, 30 sessions of radiation, and continuous treatment for lymphedema. With all of this, I’m so grateful to say that I’m now cancer-free and call myself the #JoyfulSurvivor. This time is a reminder to me of how precious life is and to cherish every moment. Here are a few things that I’ve learned over the past five years and now turning 50: I know myself better than ever before, and I’m more confident in my abilities. I’ve had the opportunity to learn from my mistakes and to grow as a person. I no longer seek external validation from others to make new friends, get that next role or do what is best for me. I just do me! Writing a book is a liberating and transformative experience. For me, completing The Strength of Silk – Living a Life of Grace & Gratitude in December 2021 was a major turning point in my journey towards freedom and self-discovery. It helped me break free from the limitations I had imposed upon myself and the ones that others had placed upon me. I received honorable mentions for my book in 2022 and 2023 from Reader’s Favorite International Book Contest. Gratitude is everything. I’m so grateful for my family and friends who supported me through my cancer journey. I’m also grateful for my doctors and nurses who gave me the best possible care. Life is short. Don’t waste your time on things that hold little importance. Focus on the things that make you happy and that bring you joy. Every day is a gift. Make the most of each and every day. I encourage everyone to take some time to reflect on your blessings. Be grateful for all that you have, and never forget to cherish the people you love. Connect with Lakysha: Instagram Read More: New Meanings and Shifting Priorities The Psychological Impact of Breast Cancer: Strategies for Coping Prioritizing Myself On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations Discovering Your Divine Purpose

By Jenny Burkholder Dedicated to Amy Today I send my wig to you— the platinum blonde bob black and white spy movie nobody will know hide what’s not there the pretend cry mercy of it— so, you too, can be in spite of it. About the Author: Diagnosed with triple positive MBC in 2019, Jenny Burkholder is the 2023-2024 Montgomery County Pennsylvania Poet Laureate. She’s the author of Repaired (Finishing Line Press, 2016) and co-host of OVERexpressed & OUT, a podcast that outs amazing women and their healing journeys. Share your poetry: https://www.survivingbreastcancer.org/submit-breast-cancer-story SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetups Free Events

By Shankar Nishant Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide, affecting millions of people every year. According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, with over 600,000 deaths in 2020. Despite the alarming statistics, there have been significant advances in breast cancer therapeutics in recent years, leading to improved outcomes and better quality of life for patients. This progress has been driven by the development of new targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and precision medicine approaches, as well as improvements in supportive care and radiation therapy. Additionally, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) show promise for various applications in the detection and treatment of breast cancer. Continue reading to learn about AI’s role in mammography, breast cancer risk assessment, treatment plans, and drug discovery. AI and Mammography Artificial intelligence has shown significant promise in the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer using mammography. One advantage of AI in this field is its ability to improve accuracy and reduce false positives and false negatives. AI algorithms can analyze large amounts of data, including thousands of mammograms, to identify patterns and subtle changes that may indicate the presence of cancer. This can lead to earlier detection and treatment, which can improve patient outcomes and potentially save lives. One notable advantage of employing AI in this particular domain lies in its remarkable capacity to enhance accuracy while simultaneously diminishing the occurrence of both false positives and false negatives. AI-driven algorithms possess the capability to meticulously scrutinize vast volumes of data, encompassing thousands of mammograms, with the intention of discerning intricate patterns and subtle alterations that might signify the existence of cancerous growths. Consequently, this technological advancement holds the potential to facilitate earlier identification of the disease and prompt commencement of treatment, thereby improving patient outcomes and potentially saving lives. In March 2023, Lunit showcased its AI solutions for breast cancer diagnosis called Lunit INSIGHT DBT in the European Congress of Radiology (ECR) 2023, held in Vienna, Austria. Moreover, Lunit showcased its FDA-cleared AI solution for mammography called Lunit INSIGHT MMG. The solution uses deep learning algorithms to analyze mammograms and aid in the detection of breast cancer. Lunit INSIGHT MMG has been trained on a large dataset of mammograms to recognize patterns and identify suspicious regions that may indicate the presence of cancer. In November 2022, Google Health and iCAD, Inc., a mammography AI vendor, announced a strategic partnership to integrate Google Health’s AI technology into iCAD’s portfolio of breast imaging AI solutions in an effort to improve breast cancer detection and short-term personal cancer risk assessment. Under this definitive agreement, Google has licensed its AI technology for breast cancer and personalized risk assessment to iCAD. iCAD aims to apply this technology to further improve its 3D and 2D AI algorithms and plans to commercialize developed products to help breast cancer patients in the near future. Predictive Analytics for Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Predictive models, driven by artificial intelligence, assess a person’s breast cancer risk based on various factors such as genetics, family history, and lifestyle. These models enable healthcare providers to identify individuals who may benefit from more frequent screening or preventive measures. Tailoring risk assessment to each patient, AI optimizes healthcare resources and provides targeted preventive strategies, enhancing patient care and streamlining the healthcare system. In February 2023, The University of Waterloo unveiled an AI algorithm that can pre-evaluate the suitability of chemotherapy for people with breast cancer before surgery. This AI system holds the potential to forecast a patient’s responsiveness to a specific treatment, thereby equipping doctors with the necessary tools to prescribe the most personalized and effective treatment for enhanced recovery and increased chances of survival. This significant advancement signifies a shift toward more tailored treatment decisions, sparing some patients from undergoing unnecessary chemotherapy and elevating their overall quality of life. Moreover, the AI algorithm stands to optimize surgical outcomes for eligible patients. As evidenced by a systematic review, AI algorithms have demonstrated the capacity to predict, diagnose, and monitor various forms of cancer by analyzing medical imaging. Personalized Breast Cancer Treatment Plans Breast cancer is highly heterogeneous and demands tailored treatment approaches. AI algorithms analyze vast datasets to identify the most effective treatment options for an individual, considering factors like genetic makeup, tumor characteristics, and treatment responses. Providing oncologists with comprehensive insights, AI aids in informed decisions about chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies. Personalized treatment improves outcomes and reduces adverse effects. AI can be used to continually monitor treatment responses, allowing real-time adjustments to optimize care. Drug Discovery and Development AI accelerates drug discovery for breast cancer therapeutics by analyzing extensive genomic and molecular data. It identifies potential drug candidates and predicts their effectiveness against specific breast cancer subtypes. This expedites the development of new treatments, offering hope for patients who may have exhausted conventional options. AI-driven drug discovery unveils novel therapeutic approaches targeting breast cancer with unprecedented precision. Insilico Medicine, a clinical-stage, end-to-end AI-driven drug discovery company, has made recent developments in AI-driven drug discovery for breast cancer therapeutics. In December 2022, Insilico announced the nomination of a preclinical candidate targeting KAT6A for ER+/HER2- breast cancer therapy. The candidate was discovered using Insilico’s end-to-end AI engine, which accelerates drug discovery by analyzing extensive genomic and molecular data to identify potential drug candidates and predict their effectiveness against specific breast cancer subtypes. In September 2023, oncology-focused biotech company Exelixis announced that it will license the global rights to develop and commercialize an investigational cancer treatment that was derived from Insilico Medicine’s AI-designed cancer drug. These developments are significant because they expedite the development of new treatments for breast cancer and offer hope for patients who may have exhausted conventional options. Conclusion Breast cancer remains a significant health concern worldwide. Artificial intelligence, when used in breast cancer detection and treatment decisions, may improve outcomes for patients. AI can also lead to the approval of new drugs for breast cancer treatment. Advancements in artificial intelligence, coupled with ongoing research, will continue to improve breast cancer detection and treatment. About the Author: Shankar Nishant is a researcher at Next Move Strategy Consulting with a cumulative experience of more than four years. Shankar is enthusiastic about new technology, enjoys working with a diverse range of global clients, and has delivered numerous market reports in multiple domains. He can be reached at shankar.dutta@nextmsc.com You Might Also Like: Immunotherapy Response Monitoring in Patients with Breast Cancer Addressing Breast Cancer Recurrence in High-Risk Patients Understanding Your Pathology Report: A Comprehensive Step-By-Step Guide Different Types of Breast Cancer Breast Cancer Risk Factors On the Podcast, Breast Cancer Conversations: Episode 207: Is the Medicine Working? With Dr. Angel Rodriguez SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetups Free Events

By Dawn Oswald How I can change Change my actions or reaction Change my thoughts Change my feelings I can only change me My life My thoughts My feelings Me No one else but me How can you change? Your thoughts? Your action? Your reaction? You can’t change anyone It’s your change How do we want to do better? Sure, no one is perfect But I’m not asking for perfection Just a little change To make life easier Some things are not worth arguing about Get a life Make a change Do better Change for you How do we make them think? Maybe it’s them Not you or me But them They caused the situation Maybe they’re at fault Make them think about it They are wrong Choose your words wisely Let them feel sorry If not, you can try to change it Maybe they think they did nothing wrong You change you and your approach Know they have to change them But will they? You can change you Make that change Share your poetry: https://www.survivingbreastcancer.org/submit-breast-cancer-story SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetups Free Events

Breast cancer casts a shadow over the lives of countless people across the globe, affecting those with the disease and their loved ones. The National Breast Cancer Foundation paints a heartrending picture, forecasting that nearly 289,000 women and 2,800 men will confront the devastating diagnosis of invasive breast cancer in 2023. Diagnosing breast cancer early, before it spreads, greatly amplifies a person’s chances of successful treatments. Early warning signs are crucial in offering a pivotal advantage in early detection and treatment. Continue reading to explore some of the most common warning signs of breast cancer you shouldn’t overlook. 1. Lumps in the Breast or Underarm According to the American Cancer Society, one of the most common signs of breast cancer is a new lump in the breast or underarms, including any lump, knot, or hardening of the breast tissue. Lumps are often painless, and not all are cancerous, but they should be reported to a doctor immediately. Regular self-exams can aid in early detection. 2. Change in Breast Size, Shape, or Appearance The National Breast Cancer Foundation notes that a change in the size or shape of the breast could indicate breast cancer, including swelling, thickening, shrinkage, or asymmetry, particularly if it affects only one breast. 3. Nipple Changes Check for any nipple changes, including turning inward, leaking fluid, or scaling or flaking on the nipple or areola, which could be signs of breast cancer. In addition, nipple inversion or retraction can be a sign of breast cancer. Still, it’s essential to understand that not all cases of nipple inversion or retraction indicate cancer. Some people may naturally have inverted nipples, which can become inverted due to other benign conditions. However, certain types of breast cancer can cause the nipple to retract or invert. 4. Unexplained Breast or Nipple Pain While pain in the breast is commonly associated with menstrual cycles, persistent pain that doesn’t align with the menstrual cycle can be cause for concern. 5. Nipple Discharge Other Than Breast Milk Bloody, yellow, or green fluid, especially when it’s coming from one nipple, could signal breast cancer. The exception is discharge that occurs while squeezing the nipple, which is likely benign. 6. Swelling Under the Arm Lymph nodes can swell for various reasons, but if you notice swelling in your underarm lymph nodes, report it promptly. Swollen lymph nodes are one of the top signs of breast cancer. 7. Changes to Breast Skin Breast skin changes like redness, thickening, or pitting are listed by the American Cancer Society as a potential breast cancer sign, warranting medical attention. In addition, redness or flaky skin in the nipple or breast area can be associated with breast cancer. A rash resembling eczema on the breast could indicate Paget’s disease of the breast, a rare type of breast cancer. See your doctor about any persisting rash. Although not a common sign, increased visibility of veins on the breast’s surface can suggest a blockage in a blood vessel caused by a lump or increased blood supply to the breast. It’s a sign that can accompany tumor growth and indicate an underlying issue like breast cancer. 8. Itchy or Irritated Breasts While itchiness can result from various conditions, including allergies or dermatitis, continuous itchiness should not be ignored, especially when accompanied by other symptoms. 9. Rapid, Unexplained Weight Loss While not breast-specific, unintentional rapid weight loss can signal metastatic breast cancer, advises the National Cancer Institute. Note any inexplicable weight loss and consult your doctor. Count On Us for Information, Resources, and Support Understanding and recognizing the early warning signs of breast cancer can significantly affect the prognosis and treatment. Early detection can lead to less invasive treatments and higher survival rates. Always consult your doctor if you notice any changes or symptoms, and prioritize regular screenings. Whether you’re newly diagnosed with breast cancer, are navigating survivorship, or are the loved one of someone experiencing breast cancer, you can count on SurvivingBreastCancer.org to keep you informed. We provide educational information to help you better understand symptoms, testing, treatment options, surgery, etc., and podcasts that feature professionals, advocates, and caregivers who share valuable information. Your donations enable SurvivingBreastCancer.org to offer resources and support every day, every month, and every year. Note: This article is designed to provide general information and is not meant to replace professional medical advice. Always discuss your options with your healthcare provider. Learn more: Different Types of Breast Cancer Breast Cancer Risk Factors SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetups Free Events

February 24, 1948 — September 29, 2023 McPherson, KS Linda Louise (Hawkins) Miller, 75, of McPherson, KS, a beloved mother, grandmother, and dedicated teacher, peacefully passed away on Friday, September 29, 2023, surrounded by family at Research Medical Center, Kansas City, MO. She touched the lives of many with her kindness and love. Born on February 24, 1948, in Carrollton, MO, to Lawrence Lee and Louise (Sanger) Hawkins, Linda dedicated her life to nurturing the minds of countless students during her career as a teacher. Her commitment to education not only left a lasting impact on her students but also served as an inspiration to her four children, whom she lovingly raised. Linda graduated from Stet County High School in Missouri and McPherson College. She was a Home Economics teacher, daycare provider, staff trainer at MCDS, and CMA and CNA at The Cedars. Outside the classroom, Linda found solace in her garden and the art of sewing. Her green thumb brought color and joy to any yard she could, reflecting her love for nature’s beauty. Her skillful hands created countless cherished garments, quilts, and crafts, leaving a legacy of her creative spirit. Music filled Linda’s home, as she graced the piano with her talent. She had a deep appreciation for classical music, and enjoyed singing at her local Church of the Brethren. Her love for music has been passed down through the generations, leaving an indelible mark on her family. Linda was not only a devoted mother but also a loving grandmother to five adoring grandchildren. Her warmth and wisdom will live on in their hearts as they carry her legacy forward. She leaves behind cherished memories and a profound impact on her family, friends, and the countless lives she touched throughout her life. Linda Miller will be remembered for her unwavering love, her dedication to education, her green thumb, her musical talents, and her enduring presence in the hearts of those who knew and loved her. Our SurvivingBreastCancer.org community gathered to share memories and condolences to the family.

By Jayita Chatterjee “Sometimes life is like an archer’s bow. It pulls us back so we can shoot forward with more force and clarity. And just like an arrow, the more you get pulled back, the more potential energy you have… the more potential energy you have, the farther you can go.” - Dr. Raj Raghunathan, If You’re So Smart, Why Aren’t You Happy? The tattoo of an arrow on my arm helps me remember this message. Sunday, March 19, 2023. It’s the day I got diagnosed with breast cancer. It’s the day when my world changed. A myriad of emotions took over me that day…. and not the good kinds. However, I knew I needed to arrow ahead and stand strong in the face of this new challenge that life tossed my way. I have always been good about staying on top of health checks. I went in for my annual women’s check with my OBGYN in early February. Since I had turned 40 this year, I qualified to do my first mammogram screening. On February 27 I got my very first mammogram done. The first week of March, I got a letter in the mail saying that my mammogram performed on February 27 showed a finding that required supplemental imaging studies, such as additional mammographic views or an ultrasound, and that I needed to go in for a retake. Of course, my husband and I immediately Googled the chances of a callback. We found out that apparently a lot of women do get callbacks on their first mammogram, since there is no baseline to compare against; hence it’s not a real concern. As such, we did not make much of it. On the morning of March 13, we went in casually for the retake, i.e. a diagnostic mammogram and ultrasound. After reviewing the new images, the radiologists said I needed to come back the same afternoon for a biopsy following their standard protocol of time between the imaging and the biopsy procedure. I was in no mood to eat, but forced myself to have lunch. I asked my husband to join me again for the second visit of the day to the radiology center. I knew I might not be cautious at the wheel if I drove, given all the craziness, and he too wanted to be with me for the biopsy. I had a core needle biopsy done and a coil marker placed at the site of the tumor finding. I knew I did not have much hope when the radiologist accidentally grunted while pushing in the needle and hit a hard mass. After the procedure, the radiologist sat down with me and my husband and reviewed the findings. She said that she did not like what she was seeing, that we should brace ourselves, and handed us a list of local breast surgeons. She asked us to wait for the official pathological results from the biopsy, but also advised us to start screening/reaching out to breast surgeons so the cancerous tumor could be taken out as soon as possible. This whole time I had been holding strong, but at this point, I felt a lone teardrop stream down one cheek. The next few days were a blur. My husband and I are not from the medical field, I did not have any family history of breast cancer, I did not know a single woman in my social circle that had breast cancer, hence we were practically cancer-illiterate. I started researching breast cancer in general: its types, stages, causes, grades, treatment options, etc. I gathered my questions for the surgeon for our first meeting. We also looked at top breast surgeons in the area, and we narrowed down our choices. We decided we would seek a second opinion to validate my treatment plan, so I got on the books of two. All this while trying to maintain some form of normalcy in our daily life without being overcome with the fear of the unknown. Two things that I did decide on at the very onset were to stay strong and to be transparent with my daughter. Our 11-year-old daughter is a mature kid. I did not want to withhold information from her; I did not want her to go online and try to find answers for herself. I wanted her to be able to ask me questions openly; I wanted an open dialogue; I did not want her to bottle up her feelings and her fear. I wanted her to know that the doctors and I would do the best we could to see this through, but at the same time I did not want to overwhelm her. I knew she could handle this if I was right beside her and if I was sharing information with her at a level that was age appropriate. And to this day I think those were two solid decisions I made. We have a ritual of spending about 30-45 minutes of mommy-daughter time before bed every night, and that’s our time to talk about our lives, how our day went, our feelings, our dreams… anything under the sun, basically. That was my time to have those transparent discussions with her. And I know she continues to thrive because she is empowered to ask questions and have an open dialogue with me about something as disruptive as cancer. Sunday, March 19, 2023. We were anxiously waiting on the official biopsy results the entire week. And while our family was out on a casual drive and grabbing an early dinner, I got a call from my radiologist. I wasn’t expecting a call on a Sunday… so I knew the results had to be bad. And they were. I was positive for breast cancer. I had stage I invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), ER/PR+ HER2- breast cancer. Since March 19, I’ve had a slew of doctors’ appointments with breast surgeons, reconstruction surgeons, and oncologists. I’ve had MRIs, blood work, and CT scans. I had a bilateral mastectomy, sentinel node biopsy, and reconstruction phase 1 with tissue expanders. After my mastectomy on May 5, I received my pathology results and Oncotype DX results, had chemo port placement surgery on June 20, and had Taxotere-cyclophosphamide (TC) chemotherapy from June 26 to August 28. Up next, I have reconstruction phase 2 surgery (removal of expanders and DIEP flap reconstruction). Then I will start hormone therapy, in which I will be taking tamoxifen for five years. Even while going through treatments and enduring bad side effects, cancer could not take away my desire to stay positive, to be grateful for the support I have, to enjoy the present, to never give up and to find ways to give back. I find myself reflecting these days: What am I doing to leave this world a better place than I came into? What legacy am I going to leave behind? Have I helped others enough who might not have the same privileges as me? I feel that self-reflections like these make me fall in love with life and help me gain more clarity of my life’s purpose. Often I am so caught up hustling and simply living my everyday life that I fail to recognize opportunities where I could have been of service in a greater capacity than taking care of just my family and loved ones. Often I get so wrapped up in enjoying the fruits of today that I forget to plant seeds for the future. But the things I do now, after my diagnosis, that genuinely make me happy inside are journaling/blogging, meditation, yoga, nature walks, sharing knowledge and awareness through social media, and advocating for mammograms and health screenings. I am honored to have been chosen as one of the ten “2023 Faces of Hope” for the Making Strides Against Breast Cancer Washington DC Walk by the American Cancer Society. I intend to keep fundraising for cancer support organizations, to keep working with newly diagnosed cancer patients and sharing my journey, and to keep researching and educating myself. Cancer is tough, but I am tougher! Connect with Jayita: Tumblr Facebook YouTube Instagram Learn More: Newly Diagnosed Questions to Ask Your Breast Surgeon Breast Cancer in Young Women: Common Questions Answered The Psychological Impact of Breast Cancer: Strategies for Coping DIEP Flap Results On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations DIEP Flap Reconstruction – What you need to know about Changes in Insurance Codes

By Lourdes Heras One day we wake up, and life as we know it has changed. We now look in the mirror and see someone different. A new person that early on we may not recognize. And what one day we may have taken for granted, are the precious little things we are glad to wake up for every day! What used to bother us… we now realize are very silly things. Each day we wake up, we are thankful for a sun, a moon. Think about our new sisters, and the brother… we have now and can talk with about your feelings. I know I am glad I found you SBC (Laura & William). I am sure everyone here is glad too. No one can understand us exactly like you do! Although remote is how we began. This process for all of us has brought us closer Distance does not keep us apart Whether you are joining us on an English or Spanish TNT You know you have a shoulder to lean on, or even cry. SBC I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation thank you for your commitment, transparency and integrity. Thank you for always striving for excellence. Thank you for fostering trust and giving us hope! Share your poetry: https://www.survivingbreastcancer.org/submit-breast-cancer-story SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetups Free Events

By Kiara Ford Most people, even those who have never experienced cancer, are familiar with the concept of stages used to classify the extent of the disease. It is through this awareness that much of the public has come to hold a deep fear of the highest classification, stage IV. This stage of breast cancer is also known as metastatic breast cancer, or MBC. Stage IV breast cancer has no cure. Because metastatic breast cancer is a life-threatening terminal diagnosis, it often carries associations that can make it difficult or uncomfortable to discuss. Nevertheless, it is estimated that over 168,000 people in the United States alone are living with metastatic breast cancer. It is important that those living with MBC be included in conversations about breast cancer, including treatments, quality of life, and clinical trials. The unique experience of advanced breast cancer must be understood within the community. While October is recognized as Breast Cancer Awareness Month (BCAM) and October 13 has been designated Metastatic Breast Cancer Awareness Day, there is more we can do to foster a greater comprehension of stage IV breast cancer. People living with this terminal diagnosis need to be heard and seen. Metastatic breast cancer needs to have a seat and a voice at the table. Continue reading to learn more about what metastatic breast cancer is and how it is diagnosed and treated. What is metastatic breast cancer? Metastatic breast cancer is the term used to describe when cancer that was originally located in the breast spreads, or metastasizes, to other distant parts of the body. Cancer cells can spread in many different (sometimes concurrent) ways, such as traveling through the body via lymph nodes or the circulatory system, invading healthy cells or capillaries, and forming tumors in new locations in the body. Metastatic breast cancer is most often found in the bones, lungs, liver, and brain. Symptoms of metastatic breast cancer can vary based on where the disease has metastasized. What are the symptoms of metastatic breast cancer? General symptoms of metastatic breast cancer can include loss of energy or appetite, in addition to more specific symptoms varying based on where the cancer has spread. People with metastasis to the bones may experience swelling, bone pain, and being more susceptible to fractures. Metastasis to the liver may cause jaundice, rash or skin irritation, abdominal pain, vomiting or nausea, and high liver enzyme counts in the blood. Metastasis to the lung can cause chronic cough, difficulty breathing, chest pain, and abnormal chest X-ray images. Metastasis to the brain can cause vomiting or nausea, behavioral changes, seizures, persistent and worsening headaches, and difficulty with vision, speech, and memory. It is important to notify a doctor as soon as these symptoms emerge, particularly if you have already been diagnosed with breast cancer or have a family history of breast cancer. While these are general symptoms, it is important to know that symptoms do not always present. Therefore, it is important to stay up-to-date with your mammograms, breast screenings, doctors’ appointments, and follow-ups. How is metastatic breast cancer diagnosed? The diagnosis process for metastatic breast cancer often resembles that of other cancer types. It begins with a conversation with a doctor to analyze family history and current symptoms. This is followed by tests, the nature of which vary based on the symptoms experienced. Doctors may recommend genetic testing, imaging, blood tests, and/or biopsy. Those diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer have often already been diagnosed and treated for breast cancer in the past, and are experiencing recurrence. Only about 6-10% of people receive metastatic breast cancer as their initial diagnosis, referred to as de novo metastatic breast cancer. How is metastatic breast cancer treated? Treatment of metastatic breast cancer will vary based on the individual patient. Factors such as where the cancer has metastasized, genetic predisposition, biomarkers discovered through biopsy, and personal goals will shape individual treatment plans. If the cancer is recurrent, doctors will also factor in previous treatments when deciding on the best course of action. Typically, surgery and radiation therapy are more difficult in cases where the cancer is widespread, but they may be useful in some circumstances, particularly in managing symptoms caused by the cancer. Most often, treatment for hormone-positive metastatic breast cancer consists of hormonal therapies and chemotherapy in order to shrink or slow the growth of cancer cells. Treatment will also aim to manage the symptoms caused by the cancer, in order to focus on not just quantity, but quality of life. Clinical trials aim to develop new treatments for metastatic breast cancer, and can provide additional treatment options for those living with MBC. Learn more in the Clinical Trials section of our website and on the Breast Cancer Conversations podcast. There is currently no cure for metastatic breast cancer. Ongoing MBC research is dedicated to understanding causes and risk factors, creating new treatment options, and improving the comfort of those living with metastatic breast cancer. SurvivingBreastCancer.org offers meetups and programs tailored specifically for those living with metastatic breast cancer. Join us at Thursday Night Thrivers or an upcoming installment of our MBC Webinar Series! MBC Resources: Join Our Thursday Night MBC Meetup Newly Diagnosed with MBC Living With MBC MBC Stories: Chapter Three of My Breast Cancer Journey My De Novo MBC Story: I’m Not Going to Give Up on My Diagnosis HOPE is my Favorite Four-Letter Word On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations Finding Strength and Joy in Parenting with Metastatic Breast Cancer About the Author: Kiara Ford is a recent graduate of Emerson College, where she majored in communication studies and minored in health and society. She is currently a community health worker trainee with the non-profit organization Asian Women for Health. She is passionate about patient advocacy and health equity, and hopes to raise awareness and increase understanding of patients’ rights through her work. From the Same Author: Breast Cancer and Healthcare Access Within the Hispanic Community Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Breaking Down the Basics

By Gloria Shoon At the first light; With gratitude in my heart, I connect with self and all of the Universe... Love is always in season; Self-love first of course. I rest often; as I outdream myself, AND make my own adventure... I choose to do this process with GRACE; not perfection... I expect the unexpected; as I co-create magic and miracles with the Universe, for self and all of humanity... This recipe is sure to result in; A KIND HEART, FIERCE MIND; AND BRAVE SPIRIT... I SOAR to my next level within; AND, AS AN AWARENESS AMBASSADOR OF SBC!!! Share your poetry: https://www.survivingbreastcancer.org/submit-breast-cancer-story SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetups Free Events

By Dionne Phillips Hearing the words “you have cancer” is heavy, hard, life-changing, scary, and any other adjective you may consider a synonym of the feelings or words used above. Your treatment regimen might consist of surgery first, then chemo/radiation, or vice versa. If the pathology report comes back with clear margins and you are considered “cancer free,” there is no one who wants things to go back to normal more than the person who received every experience firsthand. I suspect there are co-survivors who would argue this fact, whether it be parents, significant others, siblings, friends, or children. My intent is not to diminish their feelings or experiences but to validate those of the survivor/thriver. We are the ones who receive the call or letter requiring a diagnostic mammogram, MRI, or biopsy. We experience the internal struggle of whether or not to share because we don’t want to worry our loved ones, so sometimes we carry that by ourselves—or we share and have to reassure our loved ones that it’s just a precaution, only to later learn that it is not. Then there is the call, if you’re lucky, that shares the diagnosis information. I’ve heard stories of people finding out accidentally from people they should not have because they work at the facility, or the results drop in your electronic chart and you receive the notification before the nurse navigator calls, or there is a call to schedule surgery before you receive results from any of the aforementioned sources. Trauma, confusion, fear, AND you have no time to process it because you are now in some version of a fight for your life. Unless you work in oncology or have a close relationship with someone who has experienced breast cancer, you may only be familiar with staging, and may not fully understand metastatic breast cancer (MBC). You aren’t necessarily familiar with the different types of breast cancer, i.e. ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), inflammatory breast cancer, and triple-negative breast cancer, and you also may not know there are even more types. Then there is the language associated with the presence or absence of hormone receptors: estrogen receptor (ER) positive or negative, progesterone receptor (PR) positive or negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive or negative. People can also experience different combinations and subtypes of those. You then either have too much time to consider your path of treatment and implement it OR you don’t really have time to process the whirlwind because you are presented with the diagnosis and must decide the treatment path almost immediately; there are pros and cons to both. The decisions include the type of surgery: lumpectomy, mastectomy (single or double), reconstruction or not, what kind of reconstruction: expanders, DIEP flap, lat flap, nipple-sparing or not, just to name a few. As a young survivor/thriver, double or single mastectomy has secondary and tertiary implications, i.e., do you have children, would you like to have children in the future, can you afford to harvest and store your eggs, and what are your views on breastfeeding? These and so many, many more are the “quick” life-changing decisions that need to be made. If you get to the point that you hear the cancer is gone, it’s a relief, but at its “simplest,” you have to process what you just experienced, and in some cases, you may still face hormone replacement therapy, hormone suppression therapy, and/or radiation. Cancer takes a toll on your body, and you can have an inflammatory response from surgery and other forms of treatment. The trauma of it all may cause you to gain weight or hold on to it. With all of these life-changing experiences and no time to process your emotions, when you finally get a moment, you may feel that everyone else has moved on. At work, they want you to get back to it. At home, no one notes that you pushed through because you had to, because you wanted to, but now you are no longer fighting for your life. You are tired, and maybe everything has LITERALLY returned to how it was the day before you received the diagnosis. Yet, you are different. Not ungrateful, you realize that whether you believe in God or the universe, you have reached the goal, but now the journey has caught up to you. You know you can’t return to the day, moment, or minute before diagnosis, and while you don’t want a pity party, you want to be seen. You want to be checked on. You want those around you to note, without you telling them, that “strong friend” may have been the title you held before, and you need that same love you divvied out without complaint or comparison. You want your circle to hear you and see you when you are quiet. You appreciated their support at the most “dangerous” point of this fight for your life. But survivors and thrivers still need help with laundry. We would love calls and texts just to check in without having to talk about your stuff; hormone therapy, chemo brain, and/or the trauma of it all have shifted their bandwidth for external stressors. They are not 100%. Not wanting to answer 500 questions about treatment doesn’t mean we don’t want to talk about our favorite series, sports team, or hobby. Being cancer-free doesn’t mean we don’t need support as we adjust to our new life. It means that we’ve made it through the part that is responsible for the bulk of trauma. But, we still need you to journey with us on this new path as a support, with empathy and kindness. Learn More: 9 Essential Tips for Breast Cancer Survivors The Breast Cancer Care Continuum: The Journey From Patient to Survivor Breast Cancer in Young Women: Common Questions Answered Cancer Etiquette: How to Talk With Loved Ones About Their Breast Cancer On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations Two Breasties on Survivorship

By Linh Luong Breast cancer is primarily diagnosed among older women, after menopause. Only 25% of cases occur in women under 50 years old (Ganz, 2003). However, in recent years, the cases in this age group have increased tremendously. Between 2010 and 2019, the number of diagnoses surged by 19.4% for individuals aged 30 to 39, while for those aged 20 to 29, the increase was 5.3% (Morris et al., 2023). This shift in demographic trends has raised significant questions and concerns within the medical community. Continue reading to learn about risk factors for breast cancer in young women, as well as information about diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Why is breast cancer in young women increasing? There are several risk factors contributing to this increasing trend of breast cancer in young women. One noteworthy factor is the change in lifestyle, including oral contraceptive usage, delayed childbirth, and decreased breastfeeding. Nowadays, women have a flexible choice when selecting their preferred birth control methods. Among these options, oral contraceptives stand out as a popular choice. These pills contain synthetic estrogen as a key ingredient, leading to concern about its potential influence on the development of cancer cells. According to the National Cancer Institute, current oral contraceptive users had a 24% increase in risk that did not escalate with prolonged use. Notably, this risk started to decline after discontinuance of oral contraceptive use, with no discernible risk increase after a decade of cessation. However, it is essential to emphasize that the overall risk of breast cancer from oral contraceptives remains very low, indicating that other factors may also be contributing to this phenomenon. Pregnancy is one of the known factors that can influence a woman’s chance of getting breast cancer. Women who give birth at an early age have a lower risk of developing breast cancer as they grow older. On the other hand, pregnancy after age 35 is linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. During pregnancy, breast cells experience accelerated growth, meaning that any pre-existing genetic damage within these cells can initiate abnormal growth, which can lead to breast cancer. Meanwhile, the chances of having these damages can go up with age, which helps explain why a delayed first childbirth can result in an increased risk of breast cancer. Breastfeeding is recognized for its role in reducing the risk of breast cancer in women. Research has shown that for every 12 months of breastfeeding, the relative risk of breast cancer decreases by 4.3%, which is in addition to the 7.0% decrease in risk for each birth (Stordal 2023). This protective effect is attributed to the hormonal changes that a woman experiences during breastfeeding, which may delay her menstrual cycle. This delay effectively lowers her exposure to hormones like estrogen, which is known to be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. With that being said, the declining trend in breastfeeding has shown a potential correlation with an increased rate of breast cancer among young women. Unique challenges for young women with breast cancer The risk of breast cancer increases with age, with the highest risk in women over 70. Since younger women have a comparatively lower risk, they encounter distinct challenges: Awareness: Younger women may not be as vigilant with self-exams or about recognizing breast cancer symptoms. They might associate abnormalities, such as breast lumps or unusual discharge, with hormonal fluctuations. Additionally, healthcare providers may also dismiss these symptoms in younger women with a “wait and see” approach. Breast density: Cancer detection is more difficult because younger women’s breasts are denser than those of older women. Higher breast density makes it harder to detect abnormalities on mammograms, often resulting in false negative results. Screening guidelines: The current U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) screening guidelines (2016) recommend biennial screening mammography for women aged 50 to 74 years. Of note, however, is that a possible update to the USPSTF guidelines is currently in progress, in which the USPSTF recommends mammograms starting at age 40. With mammograms not typically recommended for younger women, it’s more difficult to diagnose young women’s breast cancer early. Different types of breast cancer: Younger women are more prone to developing more aggressive types, such as triple-negative breast cancer, which typically exhibits lower responsiveness to treatment. Side effects of breast cancer treatment in young women Breast cancer treatment in younger women can have various side effects, depending on the stage and type of breast cancer and the treatment used. Common side effects in younger women may include: Dissatisfaction about appearance: Surgical procedures to remove breast cancer, such as lumpectomies and mastectomies, cause significant changes in a person’s physical appearance. Moreover, chemotherapy can also cause hair loss, and radiation can cause changes in skin color. These changes can lead to dissatisfaction with one’s appearance. Cognitive dysfunction: Certain chemotherapy drugs can have direct effects on brain function (often called “chemo brain”), and changes in estrogen levels also influence cognitive function. These alterations can result in memory loss, difficulties with concentration, and low energy levels. Fertility: Chemotherapy and radiation can damage the ovaries, causing them to stop releasing eggs and producing estrogen. Hormone therapy can disturb the menstrual cycle, which may affect women’s fertility. Medically-induced menopause and other fertility changes may be temporary or permanent. Sexual health: Chemotherapy can lower estrogen levels, causing vaginal dryness and burning. In turn, this can lead to pain and discomfort during sexual intercourse. This issue significantly affects quality of life for affected individuals. Psychological challenges: Younger women appear to experience more significant psychological distress than their older counterparts, largely driven by concerns about fertility loss, changes in body image, and sexual dysfunction. Can younger women lower the risk of breast cancer? While breast cancer in younger women cannot always be prevented entirely, there are steps individuals can take to reduce their risk and increase the chances of early detection: Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Opt for a balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and lean protein and low in saturated fat. Exercise regularly, aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. Breastfeeding: When done for an extended period, breastfeeding can help lower breast cancer risk. Limit hormone replacement therapy or oral contraceptives: Minimizing changes in hormone levels can reduce the risk of breast cancer. Limit alcohol consumption: Consuming even a small amount of alcohol has been associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer. Consider abstaining from alcohol entirely. If you choose to drink, it is recommended that you limit alcohol intake to no more than one alcoholic drink per day. Genetic counseling: If you have a family history of breast cancer, it is advisable to seek genetic counseling and testing to learn more about your own risk of breast cancer. Breast cancer presents unique challenges for young women. Diagnosing breast cancer as early as possible can have a significant impact. While it is less common in younger women, early detection can make a substantial difference in treatment outcomes. By staying informed, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and seeking timely medical attention for any concerning symptoms, we can empower ourselves to detect breast cancer at its earliest and most treatable stage. Breast health should be a priority for women in every stage of life. Learn More: Breast Cancer Symptoms Risk Factors for Breast Cancer The Psychological Impact of Breast Cancer: Strategies for Coping Exercise and Breast Cancer Understanding Genetic Testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations Diagnosed Under 35 and Running a Business. Who Has Time For Cancer? Understanding Breast Cancer Screening Modalities Works Cited Assi HA, Khoury KE, Dbouk H, Khalil LE, Mouhieddine TH, El Saghir NS. Epidemiology and prognosis of breast cancer in young women. J Thorac Dis. 2013 Jun;5 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S2-8. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.05.24. PMID: 23819024; PMCID: PMC3695538. Breast cancer risk in American women. National Cancer Institute. (n.d.-a). https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/risk-fact-sheet Breastfeeding. Data and Statistics: Facts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.) https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/facts.html Can I lower my risk of breast cancer? American Cancer Society. (n.d.-a). https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/risk-and-prevention/can-i-lower-my-risk.html ​​ Chakravarthi, B. V. S. K., & Varambally, S. (2013, December 31). Targeting the link between late pregnancy and breast cancer. eLife. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3874101/ ` Final Recommendation Statement. Breast Cancer: Screening. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (n.d.) https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-screening Gabriel, C.A., and Domchek, S.M. Breast cancer in young women. Breast Cancer Res. 12, 212 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr2647 Ganz, Patricia A., et al., "Breast cancer in younger women: reproductive and late health effects of treatment." Journal of Clinical Oncology 21.22 (2003): 4184-4193. Hormonal contraception and risk of breast cancer. ACOG. (2022). https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2018/01/hormonal-contraception-and-risk-of-breast-cancer Joly F., Lange M., Dos Santos M., Vaz-Luis I., and Di Meglio A. Long-Term Fatigue and Cognitive Disorders in Breast Cancer Survivors. Cancers (Basel). 2019 Nov 28;11(12):1896. doi: 10.3390/cancers11121896. PMID: 31795208; PMCID: PMC6966680. Morris, A., Bever, L., & Malhi, S. (2023, August 27). More young women are getting breast cancer. They want answers. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2023/08/22/breast-cancer-young-women-increase/ Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) and cancer risk. National Cancer Institute. (n.d.). https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet Reproductive history and cancer risk. National Cancer Institute. (n.d.-e). https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/reproductive-history-fact-sheet Rose, Townley Bakewell, and Deborah L. Volker. "Sexual Dysfunction Related to the Treatment of Young Women with Breast Cancer." Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 9.6 (2005): 697-702. ProQuest. Web. 9 Sep. 2023. Screening for Breast Cancer. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (n.d.) https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/files/breast-cancer/Breast_Cancer_DRS_Consumer_Guide.pdf Side effects of cancer treatment. National Cancer Institute. (n.d.-d). https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects Stordal B., Breastfeeding reduces the risk of breast cancer: A call for action in high-income countries with low rates of breastfeeding. Cancer Med. 2023 Feb;12(4):4616-4625. doi: 10.1002/cam4.5288. Epub 2022 Sep 26. PMID: 36164270; PMCID: PMC9972148.

By William Laferriere It takes on all shapes and sizes And is designed to lift someone’s spirit… Its presence duly noted From Deuteronomy onward And yet, surprisingly, We find it somewhat diminished Through these tumultuous years, Perhaps owing to the pandemic, social media, Global hostilities, cultural insensitivity, Excessive workloads, family stresses, Or the great divide of partisanship Or quite simply a craven response to self-delusion. The remedy comes in a tidy package Requiring sympathy, empathy, And a willingness to help For there are many less fortunate than we. The first step begins with an internal look... Go to the mirror, and Reflect on Who and what you are, and Take the time to redefine your legacy, Look past your own pain to see The pains of others And then consciously reach out. Share your poetry: https://www.survivingbreastcancer.org/submit-breast-cancer-story SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetups Free Events

By Jennifer Reynolds Read Jennifer’s original diagnosis and treatment story: Hard Days, Better Days, and My Fight After I was diagnosed with stage 2b invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), I completed chemotherapy and a double mastectomy. My treatment then continued with radiation. After radiation in 2021 and right before Christmas... I was finally done! I had 33 sessions of radiation. It was brutal during the last week. Otherwise, it was just tedious and tiring everyday to go there and do that. It wiped me, but it was doable. At the end of radiation, my skin started opening up after being burned. It was right on my incision scar of my cancer side and also in my axilla area. It was so very painful and I remember Christmas being very difficult, but I put on a strong and brave face as best I could. Life has been busy. I do love staying busy, as it helps me to help others. I am a lactation nurse – so I know breasts, but in a very different way! Helping moms and babies succeed in the postpartum period is so wonderful. This past year, I have been working a lot, as I have three jobs. I work as a lactation consultant at a hospital, at a pediatric office and as an independent business. Through all my treatments, I worked when I could. I am currently taking Lynparza, a PARP inhibitor. This October will mark two years of me taking Lynparza, and then I will be done. Yay! For me, it causes fatigue and diarrhea. I can only tolerate two of the four pills recommended, but I take them. As for the other medications I’ve been on, I have struggled a bit in this area. Aromatase inhibitors cause lots of side effects. I dislike them! I have tried almost all of them. I am now about to try exemestane and hope it is okay and easier on me than tamoxifen, letrozole and Arimidex. My doctors advised five to 10 years MORE on these. I am quite busy but still make time for family, fun and exercise. I love spin, pilates and yoga. I am also trying to keep the garden going and I love it, but my first son Tyler has done most of the work. I also am a breast cancer mentor at my facility here in Long Beach, California. I just love helping others. Life is crazy, right? I have ups and downs, and a lot of emotions at times. Forced menopause sucks, and so does cancer! BUT I do hope to be done for GOOD and am pushing forward to continue being cancer free two years later! Life is good and I do appreciate everything SO much more. That is expected I suppose from my perspective. Thank you for reading! Thank you for sharing your story, Jennifer. SBC loves you! Learn More: Breast Cancer Radiation Hard Days, Better Days, and My Fight Managing Breast Cancer During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Breast Cancer at 33: A Young Mom’s Story of Self-Advocacy Jennifer's lactation consulting website On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations Radiation Therapy: What Every Breast Cancer Thriver Needs to Know

By Kiara Ford Among the many different types of breast cancer, one of the least discussed and least understood is inflammatory breast cancer, or IBC. This is primarily because of its rarity; IBC only affects 1 to 5% of all breast cancer patients. For those affected, however, IBC can be difficult to diagnose, treat, and recover from. For all of these reasons, it is important to be aware of the symptoms and treatment options of this less common subtype of breast cancer. Continue reading to learn how inflammatory breast cancer is different from other breast cancer subtypes, as well as how IBC is diagnosed and treated. What is inflammatory breast cancer? Like the majority of breast cancers, inflammatory breast cancer is usually an invasive ductal carcinoma. This means the disease is the result of cancer cells developing from the cells that line the milk duct of the breast, and subsequently spreading to cells beyond the duct. That said, the symptoms and treatment of IBC are different from other types of breast cancer. How is inflammatory breast cancer different from other subtypes of breast cancer? The key difference in presentation of inflammatory breast cancer is the lack of a lump within the breast, and rapid onset of symptoms, including swelling and redness of the entire breast. This inflammation is caused by cancer cells obstructing the lymphatic vessels of the skin on the breast. This same inflammation is a sign that the cancer has spread into nearby tissue and potentially nearby lymph nodes. Because of this presentation within the skin, by the time IBC has developed enough to be noticed and diagnosed, it is considered locally advanced and at least stage III. This development often happens rapidly, in a matter of months or even weeks. In a third of IBC cases, at the time of diagnosis, the cancer has already metastasized to other parts of the body. Who is at risk for inflammatory breast cancer? Certain populations may be more at risk for inflammatory breast cancer than others. IBC is unlike other breast cancers in that it is more likely to develop in younger people; many are under the age of 40. It primarily affects women and people assigned female at birth, although all genders can develop IBC. One risk factor is being categorized as overweight or obese on the body mass index (BMI) scale, and recent studies suggest it is more common among people of color. What are the signs and symptoms of inflammatory breast cancer? Signs and symptoms of IBC are easy to mistake for breast infections, so it is important to recognize and discuss them with a doctor as soon as they emerge. They include, but are not limited to, swelling, discoloration, pain, and itching of the breast. Other skin changes that may occur within days are inverted nipples and thickness and pitting of the skin, which gives the appearance of an orange peel in texture. Swollen lymph nodes under the arm can also be a sign that IBC has spread beyond the breast. If any of these symptoms present, it is important to address them quickly and receive a diagnosis as quickly as possible. How is inflammatory breast cancer diagnosed and treated? Diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer typically consists of physical examination, imaging, and biopsy. Once an IBC diagnosis has been officially confirmed, the results of the biopsy can help determine the right course of treatment. People whose cancer cells have hormone receptors may benefit from hormone therapy drugs, whereas people whose cells contain an abundance of the HER2 protein may react better to medication which specifically targets HER2. Beyond targeted drugs, other treatment options may include chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation, depending on the nature of the cancer. Due to how uncommon inflammatory breast cancer is, it can often be forgotten in conversations about breast cancer. This information must be communicated and understood in order to help people know what to look for and to seek medical consultation as soon as possible. Learn More: Attend Our IBC Monthly Meetup Join Our Private IBC Group Newly Diagnosed Treatment Tips and Questions to Ask Your Medical Oncology Team Breast Cancer Risk Factors Breast Cancer Symptoms Different Types of Breast Cancer On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations A 23-Year Look at Inflammatory Breast Cancer with Ginny Mason (Part I) What is the Inflammatory Breast Cancer Scoring Scale? Featuring Ginny Mason (Part II) About the Author: Kiara Ford is a recent graduate of Emerson College, where she majored in communication studies and minored in health and society. She is currently a community health worker trainee with the non-profit organization Asian Women for Health. She is passionate about patient advocacy and health equity, and hopes to raise awareness and increase understanding of patients’ rights through her work. From the Same Author: Breast Cancer and Healthcare Access Within the Hispanic Community

By Dawn Oswald A roller coaster It can go up or down What goes up must go back down It can turn, twist and even go backwards You might stumble and go backwards, but you can also turn it back around Take it for a joy ride You can go fast or slow It’s your ride If you don’t like it, then turn it around Turn it around for you Let the world know you’re making the change A change for you, no one else Get on that roller coaster and guide it your way You can play it safe Or live on the edge It’s your day It’s your life A roller coaster of fun A roller coaster of fear You can have a thrill of your life It’s okay to be scared Yell and scream Laugh or cry Buy some time With a dime Ride it again and again Until you get it right Right for you You can sin Or you can go straight You are guiding it Over and over again Remember it’s your ride Your ride of your lifetime Now hop on Share your poetry: https://www.survivingbreastcancer.org/submit-breast-cancer-story SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetups Free Events

Breast cancer isn’t just a physical condition. For many, it’s an emotional and psychological experience that can profoundly affect your mental health and the lives of your family and friends. Understanding the common psychological reactions and implementing positive coping strategies can help those with breast cancer better manage their mental health during treatment and recovery. Continue reading to delve into the mental and emotional repercussions of breast cancer and viable strategies to cope. Common Psychological Effects of Breast Cancer Shock and Denial The initial news of a breast cancer diagnosis often leads to feelings of shock, disbelief, and denial. It’s not uncommon to have difficulty absorbing or accepting the reality of the diagnosis at first. It’s a natural defense mechanism, but over time, accepting the reality of the situation is crucial for treatment and emotional healing. Fear and Anxiety As the reality sets in, breast cancer patients frequently struggle with intense fear and anxiety. The uncertainty surrounding diagnosis and prognosis — pain, side effects, the fear of the cancer metastasizing, and the possibility of recurrence — can foster anxiety. Anger Some breast cancer patients experience feelings of anger at their diagnosis. Anger can arise from the seeming randomness or unfairness of a cancer diagnosis. You may direct anger at your doctors or loved ones. A professional therapist can help you express your anger in healthy ways to avoid directing it inward. Sadness and Depression Breast cancer patients are at an increased risk of experiencing sadness and depression compared to the general population. Causes include hormonal factors from cancer treatments, stress, grief over the potential alterations in body image and lifestyle, and the trauma of the diagnosis. Social Isolation Another consequence many people with breast cancer face is social isolation due to withdrawal from their social circles, which may be caused by physical discomfort or medical vulnerability, like being immunocompromised. Some patients avoid social activities and interaction during treatment. Finding social support is essential to counter these feelings. Cognitive Dysfunction Known as “chemo brain,” some patients experience memory problems or trouble concentrating during or after chemotherapy. This phenomenon can be extremely frustrating, particularly if someone has never experienced memory problems. Healthy Coping Strategies Positive coping techniques as you face breast cancer can help you manage the range of psychological impacts and improve your mental health. Consider the following helpful strategies: Develop a Strong Support Network Building a robust support network, including friends, family, and support groups, can provide a buffer against social isolation. Support groups offer a safe space where you can share your experiences and gain insights from others who have faced similar challenges. SurvivingBreastCancer.org has private online groups to ensure you’re never alone. Instead, you’re surrounded by others who have similar experiences. We also offer several peer-to-peer online meetups including all stages and types of breast cancer, metastatic breast cancer (MBC), inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), and a Spanish-language meetup. Engage in Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques Practicing mindfulness and relaxation techniques, like meditation and yoga, can be instrumental in reducing anxiety and depression. These strategies promote a sense of calm and help individuals remain grounded during turbulent times. Stay Informed Understanding the disease and your treatment options can provide a sense of control. Always consult with your healthcare professional for personalized advice. Don’t hesitate to ask questions when you don’t understand something or want more information. Exercise Regularly Exercise has numerous benefits for cancer survivors, including improving physical function, reducing fatigue, and reducing the risk of cancer recurrence. First, talk with your care team before starting a fitness routine. Then, if you feel up to exercising and your team approves, you can work out during treatment. Begin with slow movement — walking, yoga, or stretching — and listen to your body to set the pace. Communicate With Loved Ones Sharing fears, concerns, and hopes with friends and family can provide emotional relief and strengthen bonds during challenging times. Friends and family who share a history and emotional bond with you can provide support grounded in empathy, familiarity, and deep-seated understanding, fostering a sense of solidarity and alleviating isolation. While having the support of loved ones is always valuable, sometimes a therapist, professionally trained to guide you through traumatic experiences, can provide structured and objective support to help you navigate complex emotions and develop coping strategies. Striking a balance between both avenues of support can create a harmonized support system, integrating the professional insights from therapy with the comforting embrace of family and friends. Seek Professional Help Seeking the assistance of mental health professionals can be a pivotal step in managing the psychological repercussions of breast cancer. Psycho-oncology, a field at the intersection of psychiatry and oncology, is dedicated to addressing these issues. You may find it helpful to meet with a therapist or counselor specializing in oncology. Also consider mental health professionals and support groups for other specific challenges, including struggles with body image or changes to your professional life. Accept Change and Live in the Present Dealing with breast cancer can bring a wave of negative emotions and fear. It’s important to recognize these feelings rather than suppressing them. Allow yourself time to process your emotions. Accept that your feelings and reactions are valid and give yourself permission to feel them. Although adjusting your expectations and focusing on the positives can help you feel more hopeful, it may be challenging to remain consistently positive. Dwelling on the future causes unnecessary worry. Focusing on each day can help you get through treatment. Maintain Hobbies Continuing enjoyable activities provides a sense of normalcy and distraction from cancer. SurvivingBreastCancer.org offers 100% free online activities including writing workshops, art therapy, poetry readings, forest bathing, a book club, and more. Count On Us for Information, Resources, and Support The psychological impact of breast cancer diagnosis can be as significant as the physical challenges. Recognizing the emotional effects and adopting strategies for coping is essential for comprehensive healing and wellness. Whether you’re newly diagnosed with breast cancer, are navigating survivorship, or are the loved one of someone experiencing breast cancer, you can count on SurvivingBreastCancer.org to keep you informed. We provide educational information to help you better understand symptoms, testing, treatment options, surgery, etc., and podcasts that feature professionals, advocates, and caregivers who share valuable information. Your donations enable SurvivingBreastCancer.org to offer resources and support every day, every month, and every year. Note: This article is designed to provide general information and is not meant to replace professional medical advice. Always discuss your options with your healthcare provider. Learn more: Newly Diagnosed Unlocking the Power of Emotional Intelligence: Taking Control of Your Cancer Experience Treatment Tips and Questions to Ask Your Medical Oncology Team New Meanings, Shifting Priorities Reconnect With Your Inner Strengths On the Podcast: Breast Cancer Conversations How to Get a Grip: Coping Strategies for Complicated Times with Dr. David Bullis SurvivingBreastCancer.org Resources & Support: Podcast Weekly Meetups Free Events

Join us for the biggest fundraiser of the year! Tell Cancer To Go #TakeAHike Fundraiser on October 15th! 🎗️ 🌟 Get Ready to Make a Difference, One Step at a Time! 🌟 📅 Date: October 15th, 2023 🏞️ Location: Anywhere You Are - Nationwide and Across the globe. Get Your Gear! Are you ready to lace up your hiking boots or put on your walking shoes? October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, and we're inviting you to be part of something truly special - the Tell Cancer To Go #TakeAHike fundraiser! 🌎 The Idea 🌎 We understand that our supporters are spread across the United States and the globe. That's why we're introducing a unique and inclusive concept for this year's Breast Cancer Awareness Month. Here's how it works: 👟 Step 1: On October 15th, you can spearhead a hike or a walk in your local neighborhood or nearby scenic area. Whether you prefer a leisurely stroll through the park or a challenging mountain hike, the choice is yours! 👥 Step 2: This is a peer-to-peer fundraising opportunity! You can form your own teams or join an existing team. And guess what? It's completely FREE to sign up and get started. Rally your friends, family, and colleagues to join your team. 💌 Step 3: Reach out to your network and ask for their support. We believe in the power of the grapevine - as your friends and family get involved, they'll connect with even more people who want to join the cause. 📢 The Logistics 📢 Ready to get started? Here are some essential links to help you on your #TakeAHike journey: 🌐 Fundraiser Page: https://givebutter.com/zs07EP - Sign up, create or join a team, and start fundraising today! 🛒 Purchase Swag: https://www.bonfire.com/takeahikecancer/ - Show your support with exclusive #TakeAHike merchandise. 📚 Once you’ve registered, you will be invited to join our #TakeAHike Private Facebook Group to connect with fellow participants, share stories, and get updates. 🎥 On October 15th, We Hike (or Walk)! 🎥 Get ready for an incredible day of unity and awareness. We'll have a live stream featuring participants from all over, and we'll be sharing inspiring pictures from all of our destinations. Together, we'll create a powerful sense of community and spread breast cancer awareness far and wide. This is your chance to make a tangible difference in the fight against breast cancer. Let's step up, step out, and step together towards a world without breast cancer. Join us for the Tell Cancer To Go #TakeAHike fundraiser on October 15th, and let's hike our way to a brighter, healthier future! 💖🚶‍♀️🚶‍♂️ Together, we can make every step count. 🌸 #TakeAHikeCancer

By Kiara Ford In recognition of Hispanic Heritage Month this September 15 to October 15, now is the time to reflect on how breast cancer affects the Hispanic community, and the unique challenges that are often left unaddressed for Hispanic people with breast cancer. It has been well established that the likeliness of a breast cancer diagnosis can be determined by one’s genetic background, and is often linked to race. This presents challenges when attempting to study and understand how breast cancer specifically impacts the Hispanic community, as Hispanic people are not a homogenous group and can be of any race. Historically, breast cancer research has failed to address this diversity within the Hispanic population. In fact, most research about breast cancer is based on studies of non-Hispanic white women. That being said, some broad generalizations can be surmised from studying the Hispanic population as a whole. Recent data shows that Hispanic women are about 30% less likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer than non-Hispanic white women. Although this statistic sounds hopeful, it is also true that Hispanic women are more likely to be diagnosed younger, with more aggressive types of breast cancer, and are more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage. Although breast cancer may be less common among Hispanic women, they are 30% more likely to die from their breast cancer than non-Hispanic white women, with breast cancer being the leading cause of cancer deaths among Hispanic women. Part of the issue, particularly as it pertains to timely diagnoses, is caused by a lack of access to mammograms. Regular mammograms are essential to catch cancer early, but a 2019 study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that only 64% of Hispanic women over age 40 had had a mammogram within the past two years. This low figure is linked to a number of social factors, one of the biggest being the inability to make it to an appointment. Although mammograms are quick screenings, they can often only be scheduled during typical business hours, when women might have to miss work and potentially lose a paycheck in order to get them. They might also have to arrange childcare – another financial burden – and organize transportation to these appointments. These disruptions in work and family obligations create a financial barrier to mammogram access for Hispanic women, yet the consequences of missing a mammogram can be costlier. Access to screenings is just one example of how social determinants of health impact Hispanic people seeking cancer care. Another such example is diet and nutrition. Maintaining a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help lower an individual’s risk of developing breast cancer. Systemic lack of access to healthy food options is believed to be a compounding factor in breast cancer rates among Hispanic women. Language access presents yet another challenge. In the United States, much information about breast cancer is written in English only, so a patient whose primary language is Spanish may find a lack of resources and cultural competency within their treatment. It should be noted, however, that Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 includes provisions for limited English proficient (LEP) individuals receiving healthcare services and information so that they receive information and communications from their providers in a language they understand. This includes a requirement for professional healthcare interpreters to be provided at medical appointments when requested. Written materials must also be professionally translated and provided to patients. Finally, there is the issue of insurance. The U.S. Census Bureau has found that Hispanic people have among the highest uninsured rates in the nation. A lack of insurance makes it far more challenging to access preventative care and catch cancer early. These are just a few examples of the numerous factors shaping the health of Hispanic people, which are not currently adequately addressed. The solution to these issues will be complex, but one of the first steps is raising awareness. Understanding that Hispanic women face a unique set of obstacles in receiving cancer screening, information, treatment, and insurance coverage is necessary to ensure equity in healthcare and beyond. SurvivingBreastCancer.org Spanish Language Resources & Support: Meetups in Spanish: Después de un Diagnóstico All SBC Programs in Spanish Después de un Diagnóstico podcast Después de un Diagnóstico blog Después de un Diagnóstico One-Year Anniversary Celebration About the Author: Kiara Ford is a recent graduate of Emerson College, where she majored in communication studies and minored in health and society. She is currently a community health worker trainee with the non-profit organization Asian Women for Health. She is passionate about patient advocacy and health equity, and hopes to raise awareness and increase understanding of patients’ rights through her work.